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تبرز هذه الدراسة عبقرية شكسبير في التركيز على جانب من جوانب النفس البشرية المظلمة من خلال عرض إحساس شخصية ماكبث بالقنوط الوجودي كإحساس بشري فطري. يشعر الكثير منا بحيرة وخشية غريبة تجاه شخصية ماكبث كبطل تراجيدي حيث يعتقد أحدنا بداية أن نقطة ضعفه- طموحه العالي في الحصول على عرش إسكتلندا والمحافظة عليه- هو ما أدى إلى سقوطه كبطل تراجيدي وما جعله يصل إلى تلك الدرجة العالية من القنوط، لكن مناجاة ماكبث لنفسه في المشهد الأخير من المسرحية حرك الكثير من مشاعر الشفقة والخشية في معظم المشاهدين مما بعث على الرغبة في تليل أسباب ودوافع هذا الإحساس. تبحث هذه الدراسة في أسباب ومصادر الشعور بذلك القنوط لفهم نظرة ماكبث المخيفة لنفسه ولعالمه والتي عبر عنها في مناجاته لنفسه. توصل البحث إلى أن بعض النزعات، التصرفات، الأوضاع أو المشاعر البشرية مثل: الخطيئة، الأنانية، الإحساس بالذنب، النجاح، والخوف من الموت هي نوازع بشرية طبيعية غالبا ما تؤدي إلى إحساس ماكبث بالقنوط إحساس طبيعي يشعر به معظم البشر وذلك غالبا ما يبعث إحساس الخشية والشفقة في المشاهد عندما ينظر لماكبث كإنسان يشعر بنوازع بشرية طبيعية قد يشعر بها هو في يوم ما وهنا تكمن عبقرية شكسبير.
The study at hand examines Shakespeare's genius in externalizing a dark side of human nature through naturalizing Macbeth's sense of existential despair not just as a falling tragic hero but as a human being. To comprehend Macbeth's horrified image of an absurd world and his vision of himself in that world as expressed in his soliloquies, the study investigates some of the factors that might contribute to one's sense of existential despair. The present study concludes that some of Macbeth's human strains, behaviors, emotions, states such as sin, narcissism, guilt, success, and his fear of death have contributed a great deal to his sense of existential despair not just his tragic downfall. That conclusion naturalizes Macbeth's sense of existential despair where he simply becomes everyman and explains the plays' sublimity. It is intriguing to reflect on the bewildering psychological state accompanying the downfall of the tragic hero, in Shakespeare's Macbeth. Macbeth's crimes are often described as hideous and his willfulness is too great to elicit sympathy within most audiences. Many audiences often blame outside forces, such as the supernatural power of the witches in addition to Lady Macbeth's wicked influence, for validating Macbeth's evilness, yet there is an ambivalent sense of catharsis within many( ) . 1 One can assume that the state of despair that Macbeth expresses in his soliloquy towards the end of the play is a natural desperate feeling experienced by the tragic hero as he recognizes that his tragic flaw is bringing his downfall. This, however, would be an oversimplified assumption. Shakespeare depicts Macbeth as a human being suffering from his tragic flaw, obsessive lust for obtaining and attaining power, who experiences a high sense of existential despair. Throughout most sections of the play, Macbeth appears as a distant detached Aristotelian tragic hero who has a tragic flaw, yet once he expresses his sense of despair the universality of his vision of himself and his world intrigues one to reflect on the factors that might have triggered such despair within a man who "inspires some fear and much admiration" (Bradley 351). Shakespeare's brilliancy stems from his ability to externalize and naturalize Macbeth's dark sense of existential despair so that it becomes understandable why audiences sympathize and empathize with Macbeth thereby making his existential despair everyman's. To provide a deeper explanation for Macbeth's high sense of existential despair and his bleak vision of an absurd world, the study at hand examines common human strains, emotions, behaviors, and/or states such as sin, narcissism, guilt, success, and fear of death that might exacerbate an individual's high sense of existential despair.
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