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الرئيسية > مشكلة وراثة العرش فى الدولة ال...>الوصف

مشكلة وراثة العرش فى الدولة العثمانية ( 1299 - 1566 م ): دراسة فى الجانبين الفكرى والتطبيقى

المؤلف الرئيسي: محمد، جعفر أصغر عباس (مؤلف)
مؤلفين آخرين: الرديني، يوسف عبدالكريم طه مكي (مشرف)
التاريخ الميلادي: 2013
موقع: تكريت
التاريخ الهجري: 1434
الصفحات: 1 - 259
رقم MD: 615845
نوع المحتوى: رسائل جامعية
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة العلمية: رسالة دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت
الكلية: كلية التربية
الدولة: العراق
قواعد المعلومات: Dissertations
مواضيع:
تاريخ الأتراك | الدولة العثمانية | الملوك و الحكام | الشرعية السياسية | نظام الحكم
رابط المحتوى:
صفحة العنوان     
المستخلص     
قائمة المحتويات     
24 صفحة الأولى     

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المستخلص: Ottomans had inherited the principles of sovereighty and state concept from their previous Turkey states through holding the ancient Turkish habits and traditions. This thing represented the roots at ottomans, but the nature of their Islamic state, the traditions flourishing of Turkish of Middle Asia in Anatolia after Timor occupation made them change their ideologies toward the concept of sovereignty according to the requirements of temporal circumstances. So they refused the concept of shared sovereignty in administrating the state and they inserted the principle of absolute and perfect sovereignty for the sultan dismissing the concept of cooperation. Though they stated the rights for brothers equally to rule the country, they believed in the stability of sovereignty for a member of ruling family and the throne succession was being restricted for the sultan's sons only. As they dismissed thoroughly the rights of brothers, they moved the ancient political traditions out. Then, problem of throne of inheritance emerged with crucial dominions and figures which were not signed in the history of other countries. So, the existence of brothers or heirs multiplicity became a problem and threat for the one who reached the rule by the sultan's sons despite brothers' desire toward the rule. Disposing of them was necessary in ottomans concept, so ottomans focused on killing the brothers for the individuality in ruling the country. Then, the most terrible thing was the uncapability of proficient sultans to put fixed rules to organize the throne heredity until the coming of Mohammed Al-Fatih who changed the habite of killing brothers into a formal law that permitted the ruler, from the sons or grandsons, to get rid of the sultan's brothers for the world system even though the brothers did not raise the banner of rebellion. By this way, he disposed the inheritance problem from the cradle getting benefit from the ottoman history and the cases of struggles about throne which exhausted both inhabitants and country.

He thought that the stability of throne for the winner without competitor meant the peace and security of country as well as society because internal and external groups existed to exploy the problem of inheritance for ottomans, but he was unsuccessful, as his previous sultans, to state a rule to treat this problem according to evaluated bases dismising violation, bloodshed and keeping the rights for humans. This way of solution, by resorting to the existence elimintation, was arising from his personal effort without caring to the Islamic principles. So he legislated the law for killing brothers and considered it an official law in the country. This thing sublimed the heredity problem thus, each prince was feeling his life depended on tacking the throne over since the winner had to save the unity of sovereignty and to kill brothers for the sake of world system. So, some princes are obliged to conflict not for their political ambition but for self- defence. Moreover, internal and external groups appeared to exploy the legal gap in throne heredity at Ottomans in one hand, and the conflicts which merely occured after the death of each sultan to intervene inside the Ottoman state in order to a chieve their interest and aims. Neighboring states, like Byzantine, Mamelukes and Safavid and other European governments attempted to exploy the conflicts between ottoman princes to perform compulsion on the ottoman countries and intervene its offairs to get material gains and concession. One of the internal groups which came in the forefront was Janissaries army. This army was the umpire to help the ottoman princes who wanted to gain the throne by supporting and preparing the environment. With the passage of time, and in light of the continued application of the law of killing brothers, other internal groups, like ministers, encouraged even arrived role to sultan's wives who intervened to secure the throne for their sons as Roxlana had done. She was the second wife for Sulttan Suleiman AL-Qanooni and she exployed her status and love in her husband's heart. He effected by her tricks and convinced to ride of the most efficient sons the prince Mustafa in 1553 AD, then he disposed of his another son, the prince Bayazid in 1561 A D under the trick mode by a principal in the government known the teacher Mustafa. As the sultan convinced the trick, he supported his son Selim and killed Bayazid as well as his four sons .Then, the field was free from competiors and the prince Selim who was famous in the history as 'Selim the Drunkard', became the only candidate for inheriting the ottoman throne. Yet his reign began phase of weakness and decline of the ottoman state.

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