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|f The media plays a prominent role during wars and crises. The media's role is not limited to the transmission of events but also works to build the meanings of these events by analyzing and interpreting, and placing them in specific frameworks that shape public opinion attitudes towards different issues. Still images and videos are essential communication tools that convey meanings and ideas, selecting some aspects of reality and making them more visible to the public. Based on the above, this study sought to monitor and analyze the image frames used by international news channels' websites in their coverage of the Syrian crisis and the meanings it sought to confirm. It also seeks to compare their usage of still images and videos and examine the extent to which the political orientation of these sites differs in the method in which events are handled. The study analyzed the image frames of the news about the Syrian crisis in the news websites of the al-Arabiya, Russia Today, Al-Hurra (USA), and TRT (Turkey) channels for three months. These sites reflect divergent political visions towards the Syrian crisis. The study results pointed to the disparity of the image frameworks used to cover the Syrian crisis in the news websites in question, reflecting the political orientations and strategic interests of the countries to which these sites belong. The context of the percentage of responsibility was the main image framework for the Al-Arabiya channel. The images and accompanying comments in this context focused on the Bashar al-Assad regime's responsibility for committing war crimes in Syria and its prosecution and abuse of opponents, as well as the responsibility of the Syrian government for violating the de-escalation agreement in some areas of Syria. This (policy was) is in line with Saudi Arabia's directive to which Al Arabiya TV is affiliated. Saudi Arabia blames the Syrian regime and considers it one of Iran's arms in the region, and believes in the necessity of getting rid of it. The website of Russia Today TV, in its coverage, focused on the military framework, the confrontations between the Syrian army and ISIS elements, and the military campaigns carried out by Russia to get rid of ISIS elements. The photos highlighted the Russian role in the region and focused on the Russian bombardment of ISIS and Al-Nusra areas and the destruction of ISIS-owned missile bases. As for the TRT channel's website is concerned, the main image framework was the political framework, focusing on negotiations between the government and the opposition to find a peaceful solution to the crisis and meetings between the various parties to end the war in Syria. Al-Hurra channel website agreed with Al-Arabiya TV in adopting the framework of responsibility ratio as the main image framework in covering the Syrian crisis. It blamed Bashar al-Assad's regime and focused on the negativity of the regime, which is consistent with the US foreign policy that opposes the survival of Bashar al-Assad's regime. With regard to the frameworks of the photographic causes of the Syrian crisis from the point of view of the websites of the news channels in question, the websites of Al-Arabiya, TRT (Turkey), and Al-Hurra consider that the main cause of the Syrian crisis is Bashar al-Assad's regime and its commission of many war crimes in Syria, with responsibility for the destruction, and the deteriorating situation in the country. Russia Today did not blame the Assad regime for the deteriorating situation in Syria and that he was the cause of the crisis. This is consistent with the Russian approach to support and help the Syrian regime. However, the website adopted the international coalition's violations led by the United States as the most important framework of photographic causes of the Syrian crisis. The site focused on coalition raids on some Syrian cities that killed many civilians and violations of the ceasefire agreement in some areas of Syria. This comes in light of the divergent American and Russian positions towards the Syrian crisis and in light of their different interests and the desire of each of them to implement their own agendas and extend their influence in the region. Regarding the photographic solutions frameworks, the websites of Al-Arabiya and TRT (Turkey) channels agreed on the need to find a peaceful solution to the Syrian crisis through negotiations and focus on diplomatic efforts to end the crisis. The website of Russia Today TV highlighted the importance of the Russian role to resolve the crisis, and the photographic coverage focused on what Russia is doing to get rid of ISIS and ensure the implementation of the terms of the de-escalation agreement and the ceasefire. Al-Hurra's website adopted the US-led coalition forces' role in getting rid of ISIS elements as a solution to the crisis. This indicates the different frameworks of causes and solutions reflected in the photographic coverage of the crisis in the news sites in question, reflecting the ideological orientations of those sites and their intellectual perspective to support specific frameworks, whether the prevailing frameworks in the coverage or the causes frameworks and solutions frameworks. The UN envoy to Syria, Staffan de Mistura, and his role in finding a sound settlement to the crisis was the central figure on which the images focused on Al-Arabiya and Russian Today channels' websites. This is in line with the political framework adopted by those sites and with the main framework for the solution adopted by the websites, namely, resolving the crisis through negotiations and diplomatic efforts. The Turking channel TRT website, in its photographic coverage, focused on Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and his diplomatic efforts to resolve the crisis in peaceful ways, which is also consistent with the main solution framework of the website. The central figure on the Al-Hurra channel website was Syrian President Bashar al-Assad. The coverage focused on the negatives of this regime, and this is what supports the Syrian regime's responsibility rate framework for committing war crimes as the most important framework of the photographic causes of the Syrian crisis. The study results also indicated that the news channels' websites in question relied primarily on their correspondents for photographic coverage of the Syrian crisis. This shows the dependence of the news sites in question on sources that reflect their vision about the Syrian crisis and in accordance with the frameworks of causes and solutions adopted by those sites. The selection of sources is not made randomly but selectively by the providers of different topics that are in line with the policy of the websites and news channels they work with and the foreign policy of the countries to which the sites belong. The most key words on the Al-Arabiya channel website were "Syrian regime," "de-escalation," "violations," and "peaceful solution" to emphasize the main framework highlighted by the pictures of Syrian crisis coverage. It is the framework of the Assad regime's responsibility ratio and the emphasis on the main solution framework of the website, which is the need to find a peaceful solution to the crisis. The keywords used by Russia Today were "Russian role" and "de-escalation" to confirm what the images used in the site reflected to illustrate the military role played by Russia to liberate Syrian cities from ISIS elements and its efforts to implement the terms of the de-escalation agreement, and the humanitarian assistance provided by Russia to civilians. The key words mostly contained in the comments accompanying the images on the Turkish TRT channel website were "Syrian regime," "war crimes," and "humanitarian aid," to highlight the framework of the Syrian regime's responsibility in committing war crimes in Syria, and to emphasize the main solution framework of the website, which is the need to deliver humanitarian aid to Syrian civilians. The keywords on the Al-Hurra TV website were "International Coalition" and "ISIS" to support the framework highlighted by the images as a solution to the Syrian crisis, which is the role of the international coalition forces in getting rid of ISIS elements. This shows that the websites of the news channels in question employed keywords that fit into the main frameworks, cause frameworks, and solutions that they put forward. The results also indicated that the location of the photo at the top of the page ranked first in the images presented on the Syrian crisis in the news sites in question. This reflects the importance of the Syrian file for all the websites studied and for the countries that follow those sites. The duration of the videos, which exceeded three minutes, ranked first in the study websites, which also confirms the importance of covering the Syrian crisis with its details for the news websites in question. The results also reflected that the average footage was ranked first in terms of the size of the footage used in the Syrian crisis coverage to highlight important elements within the same image and the relationships between those elements. The angle of the view level also ranked first in terms of the main camera angles used in the news sites under study, which gives realistic and credible coverage of the Syrian crisis and a sense of the nature of the image. Regarding the horizontal camera angles, the front angle came ranked first for all news websites in question to create a kind of interaction and intimacy between the viewer and the actors in the picture. From the above, it is clear that the formative elements of the image have clearly contributed to the construction of the photographic frames used by the news sites understudy in their coverage of the Syrian crisis events, reflecting those sites' orientations. Shots and angles of shooting, focusing on certain aspects of the image, and exclusion of others affect how the audience perceives eve
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