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الرئيسية > الخصائص المرضية والجزئيية لعزل...>الوصف

الخصائص المرضية والجزئيية لعزلات الفطر Rhizoctonia Solani Kuhn المسبب لمرض القشرة السوداء علي البطاطا وإمكانية مقاومتها باستخدام بعض مستخلصات النباتات الطبية

العنوان بلغة أخرى: Pathological and Molecular Characteristics of Rhizoctonia Solani Kuhn Causes Black Scurf Disease on Potato and the Possibility of their Resistance Using some Extracts of Medicinal Plants
المؤلف الرئيسي: العبيدي، عامر جاسم طوفان (مؤلف)
مؤلفين آخرين: ديوان، مجيد متعب (مشرف)
التاريخ الميلادي: 2017
موقع: الكوفة
التاريخ الهجري: 1439
الصفحات: 1 - 152
رقم MD: 1018829
نوع المحتوى: رسائل جامعية
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة العلمية: رسالة ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة
الكلية: كلية الزراعة
الدولة: العراق
قواعد المعلومات: Dissertations
مواضيع:
الإنتاج الزراعي | أمراض النبات | المستخلصات النباتية | وقاية النبات
رابط المحتوى:
صفحة العنوان     
المستخلص     
قائمة المحتويات     
24 صفحة الأولى     

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المستخلص: This research aims to the pathological and molecular characteristics of R. solani fungi causing potato black scurf disease and the ability to control it through use of some extracts of medicinal plants by depending on GC-MS and PCR techniques and the sequencing of the nitrogen bases of the DNA products from locally and Iranian isolates. Fifty isolates of R. solani were isolated, 25 isolates were isolated from local potato infected have been named RhA, and other 25 isolates were isolated from Iranian potato infected have been named RhB, which differed in their pathogenic capacity. Sixteen isolates were selected, eight of which were isolated locally were RhA6, RhA9, RhA12, RhA21, RhA2, RhA2, RhA13, RhA23, RhA24, and 8 Iranian isolates RhBl, RhB22, RhB8, RhB25, RhB3, RhB13, RhB14 and RhB 17. The effect of isolates filtrate were also tested on radish seeds germination and on the length of hypocotyls and rootlets. The fungal filtrates at concentrations of 50 and 100% Both isolates were selected in order to determine the quality and quantity of their toxins using GC-MS technique. The test revealed chemical compounds produced by the fungus that recorded for the first time such as 2-Butanone, 3-hydroxy, Quinic acid, Tetradecenol, Cyclopentaneundecanoic acid, Laurie acid, Behenic acid, Nonadecanoic acid, Cyclopropylacetic, Limonene oxidel, Caprylic acid, Acetic acid. Of the compounds obtained in the R. solani local isolate RhA6 were oxalic acid, Palmitic acid, Myristic acid, Stearic acid, Arachidic acid, Oleic acid, Palmitoleic acid, Linoleic acid, linolenic acid, Pentadecanoic acid, Arachidonic acid and carboxylic acids l-methyl-5-carboxylic acid that considered to be Plant toxic compounds. The analysis and comparison between extracts of healthy and black scurf diseased potato revealed that infected potato was found to contain dangerous toxins internally produced by the fungus. These toxins including oxalic acid (highly toxic to humans), Oleic acid, Palmitic acid, Palmitoleic acid, Myristic acid, Arachidic acid and Pentadecanoic acid, while healthy potato was proved to be free of all former toxic compounds. This study was considered for the first time to detect these plant toxins in infected potato tubers using GC-MS. One of this study aims was to identify the 16 selected isolates of R. solani using polymerase chain reaction technology (PCR) and to determine the nucleotide sequence of double nucleic acid beams using ITS1 and ITS4 primers by the aid of the BLAST program. The PCR results showed that all tested isolates were belong to the R. solani. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence analysis with data available at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) shows that seven of these fungal isolates RhA2, RhA9, RhA12, RhBl, RhB8, RhB17, and RhB23 are new isolates and considered to be first record at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).

The biological control trail included using 6 concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, 50 or 75 g / L) of plant extracts of cloves, cinnamon, ginger, mint, chamomile, licorice and thyme against two R. solani isolates (RhA6 and RhB8) that were selected for their high pathogenic ability and concentrations on the fungus growth (inhibition). The clover extract was the most effective at concentrations of 30, 50 and 75 g/ L, growth inhibition was 100% for both isolates followed by cinnamon extract at 75 g/L which inhibited the growth of the fungus by 100%. Clover and cinnamon extracts were also tested for their effects on fungus (sclerotia) attached to the infected tubers at dipping periods of 5, 10, 15 or 20 minutes, the 20 minutes dipping at concentration of 30 g/L of the clover extract was the most effective to inhibit R.solani seclerotia and also resulted in longer seedlings, root and shoot weight, numbers of branches of shoot and root systems, number formed tubers from both infected and healthy planted tubers.

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