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تهدف الدراسة إلى متابعة تاريخية للموقف الحكومي المصري من التنظيمات اليسارية ابتداء من عام 1922، وهو العام التالي لتأسيس أول تنظيم يساري في مصر متمثلا بالحزب الاشتراكي المصري الذي أسس في اب 1921، إذ شهد عام 1922 بداية للموقف الحكومي المصري إزاء نشاطات اليسار وتأثير منظماته في المجتمع المصري، سواء كان ذلك التأثير عن طريق قضايا الاستقلال الوطني، أم عن طريق القضايا المرتبطة بالحقوق الاقتصادية والاجتماعية للعمال المصريين، وبعد أن أدى الحزب الاشتراكي المصري (الشيوعي فيما بعد) دورا قياديا في تشجيع العمال على الإضراب والمجاهرة في المطالبة بحقوقهم، وما تبع ذلك من تظاهرات صاحبها أعمال عنف. كل ذلك جعل الحكومة المصرية تتبع موقفا أكثر حزما تجاه الحزب الشيوعي فداهمت مقراته، والقت القبض على قياداته، وأضعفت تأثيره الاجتماعي لاسيما بعد أن أصدرت مجموعة جديدة من القوانين التي نصت على تحريم الانتماء للحركة الشيوعية، وحظرت التجمعات والتظاهرات والإضرابات العمالية. ومع ذلك فإن النشاط اليساري استمر وأخذ يتصاعد حتى بلغ ذروته في الحقبة التي أعقبت الحرب العالمية الثانية التي شهدت تحالف العمال مع الطلبة والمثقفين ومطالبتهم بالاستقلال التام وجلاء القوات البريطانية عن مصر. أدت التنظيمات اليسارية دورا فاعلا في تنظيم تظاهرات تلك الحقبة، وهذا ما دفع بالحكومة المصرية إلى اتخاذ إجراءات حازمة تجاه اليسار ومن يروجون لأفكاره، وكانت تلك الإجراءات تتجدد كلما تجددت الإضرابات العمالية واستمر الأمر حتى قيام ثورة 23 تموز 1952 التي اتخذت قياداتها هي الأخرى موقفا حازما من نشاط التنظيمات اليسارية المصرية.
The Egyptian governmental attitude towards the Communist Organization at the beginning was characterized by watching and Carefulness. when the Egyptian Communist Leadership ,since 1923 urged the workers to strike and protest which was mostly accompanied with violence actions then the Egyptian Government had a decisive attitude towards the Egyptian Communist Party for being the lonely Front of the Egyptian Communist then after it made sure that the Egyptian Communist was the cause of the repeated Workers Strike. The Egyptian authority began to raid the headquarters of the party and capture its leaders. We can say that in 1928, there was no real Communist Organization in Egypt that the Palestine Communist Party was the reprehensive of the Egyptian Communist Party in the sixth conference for Communitarian held in 1928. The successive Egyptian governments during the period of the study (1922-1925) took different ways to limit the spread and affection of the Communist thoughts in the Egyptian community.it sometimes uses Communist violence and stress and sometimes uses fraud and penetration of these Organizations through its agents the sources indicate that in the period (1928-1930). A man named Mohammad Abdu-Al-Aziz was on the head of the Egyptian Communist party, which was subsequently found that he was monopolized by the Egyptian security to violate the party. The Egyptian government also issued new laws to ban the belonging to the Communist Organizations or strike for work. Esmail Sedqi, the prime minister then, in 1946 tried to attract some Organizations opposing to Communism such as the Muslims Brotherhood however, the Communist activity continued in spite of the stressed governmental procedures. the second Egyptian communist movement which Crystalized after the end of the second world war in 1945 represented the peak of the Communist Organizations history in Egypt in terms of whether the numbers of the activists or the well –disposed people that followed it ,or because it achieved the highest filling and integration among the three elements that formed its structure represented by the pupils ,workers and educated people. At the time when the setting up of Israel in 1948 and being confessed by the Soviet Union tangled all of the Arab Communist parties in a very difficult attitude ,the attitude of the Egyptian Communist Organizations whose leadership remained under the control of educated people from Jewish origins whose patriotic loyalty was doubtful from many aspects was more difficult. The Egyptian government exploited this to start a new rash of detentions against the Communist movements in Egypt. When the 23 July revolution in 1952 broke out some of the Communist organizations had a good promise in the new radical change ,but the attitude quickly changed after the revolution leadership took a strict policy towards the work movement especially after the event of kafr Ai-Dawar in August 1952 the council of the revolution leadership used a policy depicted as not democratic towards the Communist press after it closed the newspaper and magazine with the Communist orientation ,and expelling and detaining some of the officers who were sympathetic with the Communist ,also the orientation of the revolution leadership concerning the approach towards the American United states ,all of that led to the separation and hostility among the Egyptian Communist Organizations and the leadership of 23 the July Revolution in 1952.
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