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|b The research presented herein encompasses the rhetorical significance of darkness and light mentioned in the Holy Qur'an. They were mentioned in diverse ways due to the variant contexts where they were embodied in the Holy Qur'an. In the context of comparison between belief and disbelief underlying the delusion and darkness disbelief encompasses and the guidance and prudence belief embodies, one finds out that both darkness and light are combined in the Holy Qur'an when Allah, Glory and Exaltation be to He, said " Allah is the protecting Friend of those who believe. He bring them out of darkness into light. As for those who disbelieve, their patrons are false deities. They bring them out of light into darkness. Such are rightful owners of the Fire. They will abide therein."(Translation of verse 257, The Cow Surah.) In the aforementioned translation of verse 257, The Cow Surah, it is crystal clear the comparison held between disbelief (represented by darkness, stressing the eyesight blurred vision and hence implying the spiritually blurred vision, which highlights to what extent those minds have gone astray and led their companions to misguidance, and thus disbelief.) and belief (represented by light which embodies clear visual sight, and hence clear spiritual vision, whose companions are eventually overwhelmed by belief.) Therefore, the aforementioned image has evidently contributed to the explanation of the difference between belief and disbelief employing natural phenomena surrounding all of the observers: darkness and light. Moreover, the contrast between darkness and light has contributed to highlighting the comparison between belief and disbelief. Even more, the doer of the action of getting people out of darkness into light, and vice versa, being Allah also contributes to the clarification of the aforementioned comparison, as underlined in "bring them out." The Meaning of The Glorious Koran, an explanatory translation by Marmaduke Pickthall with an introduction by William Montgomery Watt, The Cow Surah, p. 59, verse 257. In addition, there is a contradiction between "those who believe" and "those who disbelieve" as well as between "bring them out of darkness into light" and "bring them out of light into darkness." The expression "bring them out of darkness into light" suits the believers well, while "bring them out of light into darkness" suits the disbelievers. To add more, another aspect of the comparison under discussion is mentioning that "Allah is the Friend of those who believe," and thus, "He bring them out of darkness into light." On the other hand, one finds the following: "As for those who disbelieve, their patrons are false deities. They bring them out of light into darkness." Also the use of both "light" and "darkness" stresses Allah's power to create things and their antitheses. Consider the following translation of verse 1 in Cattle Surah: "Praise be to Allah, Who hath created the heavens and the earth, and hath appointed darkness and light. Yet those who disbelieve ascribe rivals unto their Lord" (translation of verse 1 in Cattle Surah). In the aforementioned verse translation, it was clarified that the creation of the heavens and the earth led to the creation of darkness and light. In other words, the creation of darkness and light was the consequence of the creation of the heavens and the earth. Furthermore, the term "create" was specifically selected for "the heavens and the earth", as they were originally founded out of nothingness. Nevertheless, the term "appointed" was the best match that fits properly "darkness and light," for it means "generating something out of another already existing thing," which underlines the fact that "darkness and light" are the outcome of the creation of "the heavens and the earth." In a different context comes the term "darkness" alone not accompanied by the term "light" because of the need of it alone in such a particular context, and the same applies to the term "light." The Meaning of The Glorious Koran, an explanatory translation by Marmaduke Pickthall with an introduction by William Montgomery Watt, Cattle Surah, p. 136, verse 1. In some occasions, the terms "darkness and light" are found in indefinite form while in other occasions they are found in their definite form. Yet, in all cases, the two terms fit properly the contexts where they are found. Glory be to Allah Who has revealed the Magnificent Holy Qur'an that has defeated all the powers, restricted all the thoughts, and shut up all the controversies.
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