المؤسسة العسكرية اللبنانية وتطور دورها السياسي 1945 - 1976
| العنوان بلغة أخرى: |
The Labanese Military Institution and the Development of its Political Role 1945 - 1976 |
|---|---|
| المؤلف الرئيسي: | المرشدي، قاسم جباري لطيف (مؤلف) |
| مؤلفين آخرين: | السراي، صالح جعيول جويعد (مشرف) |
| التاريخ الميلادي: |
2017
|
| موقع: | الناصرية |
| التاريخ الهجري: | 1438 |
| الصفحات: | 1 - 404 |
| رقم MD: | 1037631 |
| نوع المحتوى: | رسائل جامعية |
| اللغة: | العربية |
| الدرجة العلمية: | رسالة دكتوراه |
| الجامعة: | جامعة ذي قار |
| الكلية: | كلية الاداب |
| الدولة: | العراق |
| قواعد المعلومات: | Dissertations |
| مواضيع: | |
| رابط المحتوى: |
عدد مرات التحميل
97
| المستخلص: |
This dissertation entitled "The Lebanese Military Establishment and the Evolution of Its Political Role: 1945 – 1976" presents a study towards the emergence of military establishment and its evolutionary stages through which it went. It also demonstrates the power of military institution and the extent of its impact on the Lebanese political affairs, its stance towards political development and events on the Lebanese scene. Additionally, it demonstrates the military's position towards the Arab issues. Besides, this study touches on the army's position on the Civil War 1975- 1976, and the impact of that war on disintegration and splitting of the army. As for the reason why we chose solely this topic, it is that there has been small number of those who have written on the topic, whether academics or authors, ie, the topic has not been investigated academically in a comprehensive and full study. It is also due to our desire to stand on the nature of the work of this institution that have shown a positive role in addressing most of political issues and events that took place in Lebanon during the period in question. The study began in 1945 as it represents the birth of Labanese military establishment after Labanese Army units have moved from the powers of the French occupation to the authority of the Lebanese state with effect from the 1st of August 1945. This birth has formed a crucial stage of its kind in the history of this national institution. The year 1976 marked the end of the period in question because that year witnessed the collapse of the Lebanese military in the wake of the outbreak of Civil War during which the army ended up with a state of disintegration and collapse in a way which seems to echo the rupture situation of the Labanese society after its officers and soldiers were involved in sectarian fighting. The nature of the study necessitated dividing it into an introduction, five chapters and a conclusion which contained the most important conclusions to which the study has reached. Chapter One necessitated studying the emergence and development of the Lebanese military institution 1916- 1944. Although this chapter has come to clear the way for the study, it remains necessary for it highlighted the very beginning of the emergence of the Lebanese military formations under the French occupation. This chapter has been divided into into five Sections. Section I tracked down the initial features of the Lebanese military formations under the French occupation. Section II dealt with the East Special forces that represented a new organization created by the French authorities. Section III was devoted to the study of the French-Lebanese treaty in 1936 and its impact on the military side. Section IV illustrated the implications and impact of the World War II on the Lebanese military formations, while Section Vdelved into the 1943 crisis and its impact on the formation of Bchamoun government and the National Guard teams. As for Chapter Two, it came up with a title, "The Lebanese Army and Its Role In Lebanese politics paths 1945- 1952." This chapter is one of the important chapters for it represents the formation phase of the military establishment and the beginning of a new phase towards building a national army. This chapter has been identified with four sections. Section I dealt with the French-Lebanese negotiations to hand over the army and bring withdrawal. Section II worked through the efforts of the Lebanese government to develop and maximize the army capabilities, while Section III highlighted the role of the Lebanese army in the 1984 Palestine War. Section IV demonstrated the army position on the armed insurrection of the Nationalist Party of Syria 1949. Chapter Three traced down the Lebanese army position on the political developments during the period 1952-1958, a period that had proved the reliability and capability of the Lebanese army. The chapter has been divided into four sections. Section I dealt with the army's position the 1952 uprising, and how it remained neutral and preserved the public institutions of the state. Section II explained the disagreements between the army commander Fouad Shihab and President Camille Shamoun, and the reflection of this disagreement over the military institution. Section III focused on the army's position on the popular uprising in 1058, and how the army has managed to face its repercussions. Section IV followed up to trace down the subsequent developments the uprising that led to US military intervention and the reactions of the Lebanese army. As for Chapter Four, it highlighted the emergence and growth of the Lebanese army and its explicit involvement in the various joints of the Labanese political life 1958-1971. In this chapter, we reviewed the most important developments witnessed by the military after the army commander (FouadShihab) assumed the Republic presidency, and his reform efforts to modernize the military institution. We covered all this in Section I. As for Section II, it was a follow-op on the army's position on the military coup of the Nationalist Party of Syria in 1961. Section III focused on the emergence and growing role of the second office following the attempted coup and the army involvement in various joints of the Lebanese political life. In Section IV, we shed lights on the Shihabites’ failure in the 1970 elections of the Lebanese presidency, the arrival of Suleiman Franjieh to the presidency, and how the latter caused to dismantle the Second Office’s equipment and arrested and brought to trials senior military officers and leaders and the impact of all this on the reputation of the Lebanese military institution. Chapter V brought an end to this study by investigating the disintegration and collapse of the Lebanese military institution 1972-1976, which took place as a result of a host of factors, at the forefront of these factors was the Palestinian resistance and its non compliance with the concluded agreements, a matter that weakened the military and contributed to the growth of armed militias. We made this clear in Section I. Section II was devoted to give a picture of the Lebanese army position on the events of the October war 1973. Section III tracked the position of the Lebanese army on the Civil War 1975 -1976, and the corresponding calls to take the army to the streets and the charges that the army took sides with one component of the Lebanese people against another. Section IV highlighted the disintegration and splitting of the army and the joining of its officers and soldiers for the fighting militias as they own weapons and equipment, each according to his loyalty and sectarian affiliation. The study reached a set of conclusions. Among them are that the Lebanese military establishment was keen since the beginning of its inception to adhere to the policies pursued by the political leaders, and has also taken a defending position for Arab issues including the Palestinian issue. It also took a neutral stance on internal issues and conflicts of which the uprisings of 1952 and 1958 was an example. Besides, the Lebanese army was not a coup-wired army nor did his leaders believe in the phenomenon of military coups; however, the coup attempt in 1961 has increased its intervention in politics. A series of events contributed to the undermining of the military status. Among those were the failure of the Shihabites in the presidential elections and the arrival of Suleiman Franjieh to the office who took down the Second Office and expulsed army senior officers and appointed instead new leaders on the basis of loyalties and sectarian lines. This led to the politicization of the army and undermining of its status. Besides, the existence of the Palestinian resistance and its lack of commitment to the agreements concluded with the Lebanese authorities led to the growth of armed militias that operate outside the authority of the state, a matter which led to the outbreak of the civil war that led in turn to the disintegration and splitting of the army. But nonetheless, the military establishment remains a unifying factor for the Lebanese people with its various denominations and sects. When it operates, it does so from within this perspective, as an expression of one will and as a national demand. |
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