| المستخلص: |
Background: Urolithiasis refers to occurrence of stone(s) anywhere in the urinary tract .nephrolithiasis, ureterolithiasis, cystolithiasis are terms used to prescribe occurrence of stones in the kidney ,ureter and bladder respectively . The majority of urolithiasis resulting from combination of genetic and environmental causes. Scarce information about morbidity of urolithiasis in Iraq because there were no studies at a national level and the prevalence of urolithiasis in developing world is underestimated. Globally the prevalence is increasing and represents a high clinical and economic burden. Objectives: The study was carried out to assess the extent and distribution of the risk factors and causes, clinical presentation and treatment modalities of urolithiasis among attendants to the urological units in Al-Hussein teaching hospital in Al-Nasiriya city. Materials and methods: The study was a hospital based observational, analytical, cross-sectional study. It was conducted in Al-Hussein teaching hospital among attendants of urological units from first week of December 2016 to the last week of October 2017. A random sample of (244) attendants was included in the study based on presumed prevalence of urolithiasis (6%) and Special form of questionnaire was constructed to gather data and it was reviewed and revised by three subject matter experts (family medicine, community medicine and urology) for testing the validity and enrichment of it. A pilot study was carried out during the first two weeks of December 2017 on twenty participants to know the feasibility ,cost and time required for the final study and also know the adequacy of the questionnaire and the extent of non response among participants (refusal and non contacts) and all the twenty cases were included in the final study . statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version (23) was used for data analysis. descriptive statistic , frequencies , percentages, associations , tests of significance, Correlation and logistic regression analysis had been estimated and a P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: the study showed that patients with urolithiasis constitute about (78%) among attendants to urological units. There was a significant association among urolithiasis and drinking of coffee or tea (P-value 0.012) , drinking of lemon juice (P-value 0.040) and pharmacological prevention(P-value 0.001). Renal or ureteric colic, dysuria nausea , vomiting and headache were the leading presentation of urolithiasis , while asymptomatic presentation constitute only (1.2%) of all cases. General urine examination and ultra sound imaging were the main investigatory methods used. Extra-corporeal shock wave lithotripsy was done for (22.6%) of cases and ureteric stent was done for (9%) of them ,while (42%) of cases were left for spontaneous or medical expulsive therapy . Conclusion: urolithiasis was the main cause to attain to the urology department and most of cases were symptomatic and treated conservatively .It is recommended to reinforce a kidney care program in the health system at primary, secondary and tertiary levels to offer education ,support and intervention for patients with urolithiasis.
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