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يهدف هذا البحث إلى كشف اللثام عن ظاهرة تصنيفية برزت في المصنفات الفقهية عند المتأخرين من الفقهاء هي ظاهرة الترميز بالحرف، من خلال بيان حقيقة الرموز الحرفية، وثم تتبعها في مظانها من المصنفات الفقهية في المذاهب الأربعة لبيان مدلولاتها، مع إبراز الأسباب التفصيلية التي دعت إلى اعتمادها سبيلا للتوثيق والإحاطة. وقد اعتمد الباحث في تحقيق هذا الغرض على المنهج الاستقرائي؛ إذ تتبع المصنفات الفقهية مطلعا على مقدماتها، سابرا لأغوارها فيما بث فيها من الرموز الحرفية، مما لم ينبه عليه في المقدمات، مقارنا بين النقول حال الترميز والتصريح؛ حتى يحصل الوثوق بحقيقة المرموز إليه والمدلول عليه، محاولا حصر هذه الظاهرة، مع إنعام النظر في سبيل تطورها في كل مذهب والأسباب المقتضية لبروزها. وقد انتهى الباحث إلى إبراز مدلولات الرموز الحرفية الواردة في مصنفات المذاهب الفقهية الأربعة من خلال حصر الظاهرة في مباديها ومراحلها المتعاقبة في كل مذهب.
1. Among Hanafi Jurists, the letter-coding Phenomenon emerged in response to the need of orderly documenting the issues not approved in the madhhab under the names of their collectors. Therefore, this phenomenon has not spread in the works approved in the madhhab. 2. Al-Zahidi expanded this phenomenon in his book “Al-Quniah” to exceed 250 letter-symbols, which were used in other works after him. 3. In the Hanafi madhhab, the letter-coding phenomenon emerged in the “mutoun” (condensed summaries) to enrich them by indicating the points of disagreement among scholars. 4. The coding phenomenon emerged in the Maliki madhahb before Khalil Ibn Is-hak’s "Mukhtasar" (abridged text), which gave depth and expansion to that phenomenon due to the multiple explanations, footnotes and comments done about it. 5. In the introductions of their works, the Maliki scholars defined the meanings of the letter-symbols, which generally left no place for ambiguities. 6. The Letter-symbols emerged among the Shafi’i scholars out of the background of their desire to unite the approaches of their madhhab through merging the Iraqi and Kurasani trends represented by the views of the two great scholars: al-Rafie and Al-Nawawi. 7. This Phenomenon began when the Shafi’i scholars adopted the single-letter coding system, but they were developed when Ibn Al-Qasim Al-Abbadi adopted a literal symbol composed of two characters or more. The Letter-symbols consistently indicated the assignee persons in the different books by different authors. This led finally to the lack of interest in defining the meanings of those symbols in the introductions of books due to their wide familiarity at that time. 8. As for the Hanbali scholars, the coding system phenomenon emerged among them when they needed to combine Al-Muwaffaq Ibn Qudamah’s both and Al-Majd Ibn Taymiah’s views related to the choices in the Madhhab. This phenomenon also emerged among some authors when they wanted to stress the comparative juristic disagreement in order not to interrupt the student concentration on the approved opinions in studying the madhhab. 9. The coding system phenomenon became stronger among the late scholars of the Hanbali madhhab when they wanted to collect the useful points scattered in the explanations and footnotes attached to the well known juristic summaries and collect approved in fatwas (legal opinions) in the madhhab.
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