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|b In light of the developments of the Covid-19 outbreak, world governments rushed to take preventive decisions and procedures to reduce the health and economic effects of the virus. Such actions varied in terms of magnitude, duration and public reaction from one country to another, leading to different outcomes and containment of the pandemic. The present report covers the period 14 March 2020-18 June 2020. It lists the decisions and procedures taken by the Jordanian government since the first cases were announced early March until reaching the intermediate rapidly containing the crisis with limited implications in a short period (3-6 months). The second is the adaptation and coexistence with the crisis repercussions for an extended period (6 Months to a year or a year and a half). The third scenario is the chaos and the outbreak of the crisis with the pandemic to develop broadly with failure to contain its repercussions. The report concludes that the second scenario (adaptation and coexistence) seems to be the most likely and realistic to happen. The report pins that this scenario is flexible and may evolve towards the third scenario. If the Arab states fail to contain the repercussions of the crisis through real cooperation, solidarity, and effective interdependence, the situation could develop to other possibilities. The report examines several Arab options to confront the crisis. It recommends considering the health and medical field to be placed at the top of priorities for facing the crisis. It requires proactive and strict measures and transferring part of the state budgets to serve the health field. In the political and security area, the report recommends adopting transparency and openness to people to ensure the achievement of national consensus in facing the crisis. Such a policy would enhance citizens' cooperation in implementing strict decisions that limit people's freedoms. In the economic and financial field, the report offers the possibility of benefiting from financial contributions by individuals, companies, and organizations of civil society and the establishment of funds in exchange for reducing dependence on borrowing from the IMF. It confirms the need for harmonization of medical priorities and economic plans to stabilize the economy. It recommends protecting the poor through effective financial resources management to preempt any possible security unrest. The team believes that the crisis of the spread of the Corona epidemic is mobile, as it carries fundamental and sudden changes. It poses a threat to the status quo, a threat to the survival and stability of countries, and the possibility of losing control over its results. The report presents the features of a joint Arab project to undertake cooperation to confront the crisis and its consequences. It includes the rationale for the project and its foundations, the strategy for confrontation, and activating the role of the private sector, and several mechanisms to achieve it. Among the most important of these mechanisms is the activation of the Council of Arab Health Ministers, the establishment of a joint Arab fund to important of which are: Companies incur substantial losses in market capital, amounting to about $ 420 billion during the period between December 2019 to mid-March 2020. They anticipate the fall of food security caused by increasing poverty rates. It might raise the needy people of 1.9 million who suffer from undernutrition. The reports expect a loss of 5 million jobs, an increase in unemployment rates by 2%. They anticipate the possibility of the Arab region to lose $ 42 billion at least from its GDP in 2020. As for the political dimension, the report sheds light on the internal governance policies adopted globally and regionally. The engagement of these countries varied with the crisis came depending on the different political environment prevailing in each state. On the other hand, some Arab regimes viewed the crisis as an opportunity to achieve field gains or develop cases that serve their interests in some hot files in the region, which is what appeared in the Yemeni and Libyan problems, and to some extent in the Syrian issue. However, it is still possible to exploit this pandemic and develop one or more initiatives to stop wars despite the persistent political differences between the parties. Internally, many readings indicate the possibility of increased social effects that anticipate chaos and the high rate of violence and crime due to poverty, hunger, and class conflicts. In the geostrategic dimension, international possibilities and repercussions remain open to many options. The report didn't notice significant activities indicating a specific direction except for some American naval moves and maneuvers towards Venezuela or with NATO countries. On the other hand, no activity attracted attention on the part of China or Russia. The leaders are still satisfied with the media crossfire, as the world stands before two options. Firstly, to exploit this pandemic to develop the international system towards cooperation, prosperity, and transfer of interests. Secondly, to use it to restore command and control, even by force. At the regional level, it is not expected to have significant impacts on hot issues except for what the economic repercussions might cause on the nature of the geostrategic situation as it might change some of the power balance in the region. The report presents three possible scenarios for the Coronavirus crisis in terms of its repercussions in the Arab world. The first is the scenario of Europe became the main focus of its spread. The United States of America became the first in numbers of deaths and infected people. Isolation and social distancing were the primary strategies recommended by the World Health Organization and followed by states. The governments were confused by the rapid and unexpected expansion of this pandemic. It forced them to use new tools other than what their armies and institutions have entrusted in the wars and previous crises. While the severity of the measures to combat the pandemic varied from one country to another, the various regional and international organizations did not show real cooperation in facing this epidemic. They instead showed the selfish behavior, self-sufficiency, and border closures. Such a phenomenon has been demonstrated by both the Organization of Islamic Cooperation and the Arab League as they did not play a significant leadership role in facing the pandemic. They were considering the weak economic and health cooperation between their members except for sum bilateral coordination. Closing borders to traffic, especially air transport, have led to many global economic imbalances mainly represented by significant disruptions in production, disruption of global supply chains, and declining global demand for production of all commodities, especially industrial manufactures. These economic imbalances resulted in worldwide consequences, including a sizeable economic contraction and a sharp decline in economic growth rates in most countries of the world. It also caused a significant rise in unemployment rates and a sharp fall in tax revenue in most of the world, accompanied by a substantial increase in government spending to address the repercussions of the economic and social crisis. Such policies would lead to higher deficits in the budgets of many countries, and a significant rise in public debt. The report expects that the economic and social repercussions in the Arab world would be more severe than in other developed countries. Such grave consequences are referred to the economic structural imbalances, and the large volume of internal and external debts compared to the GDP in Arab states. The impact of the crisis was more significant in countries whose economy is heavily dependent on the tourism and oil sectors, as these two sectors were among the areas most affected. The report summarized the economic and social repercussions in the Arab world at different levels as anticipated by the International Monetary Fund, ESCWA, and the International Labor Organization. The most with regard to reconciliation and unity as something unacceptable. The crisis is becoming more and more complex in different aspects, weather at the level of the Palestinian leadership or citizens. It is supposed to be a motive for revival and preference of higher interests at the expense of small benefits. All the Palestinian factions should be part of decision-making on the ground and in politics. As for the repercussions of the issue to the Arabs, Zaki is not happy with the Arab World conditions, because Israel intervenes in its details. When Palestine was targeted, all the Arabs became in danger. However, some people still think that it's only about the Palestinians, and they do not realize that if Palestine is gone, then Mecca – and any Arab capital – may be next. It is time to work for a joint future but not for each country by itself. According to Zaki, we tend to forget that “divided we fall.” At the international level, Zaki argues that the international stance depends on the status of the Palestinians. That is, if they counter the Israeli arrogance and overcome the miserable Arab states’ position with no gaps, the whole world will stand with the Palestinians. As for the deal of the century, if all the Arabs, the US and the entire world agree, it will never pass. The Palestinian people are pioneers of resistance for their country, according to Zaki.
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