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|b This study aims to: 1- Presenting the changes that occurred in the size and direction of internal migration at the level of the governorates of the Republic during the period (1996-2017). 2- Studying some demographic, social and economic characteristics of migrants in 2017. 3- Presenting the most important main reasons for internal migration. Conclusions and recommendations: 1-Results Through the previous review of internal migration in Egypt, the study concluded the following points: A. The total number of migrants among the governorates of the Republic reached 1.111 million in 2017 (the individual was considered migrant if he had changed his current residence since 2006). B. About one third of the migrants in the governorates of the republic moved to Giza governorate by 31.2% and the percentage of migrants to Qalyubia governorate reached 17.7%, followed by Cairo governorate with 15.5% of the total migrants in the governorates in 2017. C. The highest percentage of migrants came from Cairo governorate, with 38.7% of the total emigrants of the country. The data indicated that 54% of all migrants received by Giza governorate from other governorates had their previous residence in Cairo governorate in 2017. D. The data indicate that the highest rates of in-migration rate in the 2017 census were in Red Sea and South Sinai. E. The highest rate out-migration rate was in Suez governorate where it reached 7.8% of the total population of the governorate. F. The rate of out-migration rate was in Port Said governorate, reached to 5.8% of the total population of the governorate, and it was 4.5% in Cairo governorate. G. The percentage of females among migrants was 53% compared to 47% of males. In contrast, the percentage of males slightly increased among non-migrants to 51.6% compared to 48.4% of females in 2017. H. Approximately three quarters of the migrants currently reside in urban areas compared to 23.4% in rural areas; on the contrary, the percentage of non-migrants living in rural areas increased to 58% compared to 42% in urban areas. I. The proportion of migrants in the middle age group (20-44 years), all of whom are of working age, has risen to 60.9% of total migrants compared to 37.1% for non-migrants;. In contrast, the percentage of migrants in the age group (under 20 years) decreased to 25.9% compared to 43.8% for non-migrants. Similarly, the age group (45 years and over) reached 13.3% for migrants compared to 19% for non-migrants. J. The increase in the percentage of migrants of childbearing age in the age group (20-44 years) compared to non-migrants also led to an increase in the percentage of those who were married to 76.5% compared to 67.9% for non-migrant married persons, an increase of 8.6% and the lowest measure of the difference between marital cases. On the other hand, the percentage of non-married non- migrants increased by 24.2% against 17.9% for migrants. This may be due to the young age or they still enrolled in the educational stages. K. The illiteracy rate among non-migrants increased to 26.7% compared to 19.8% for migrants; while the percentage of migrants who have above intermediate and high qualification (27.2%) was close to double that of non-migrants (14.8%). L. The higher educational level of migrants compared to non-migrants reflected on the quality of the occupation in which they work. The percentage of migrant workers in occupation (managers, Professionals, technicians, clerical support workers, service and sales workers) increased compared to non-migrants. The percentage of migrants in occupations (agriculture, crafts and related trades workers, plant and machine operators, and assemblers, Elementary occupations) decreased compared to non- migrants M. The percentage of non-migrants engaged in agriculture activity was 22.3%, which is more than three times the percentage among migrants (6.3%). The percentage of non-migrants increased to 7.9% compared to 6.2% for migrants. In contrast, the percentage of migrants increased in most other activities, including manufacturing, transportation and storage, accommodation and food services, health services, and activities of households as employers. This shows a greater tendency for migrants to work in these activities. N. Migration due to marriage topped the list with 32.7% of the total migrants in the 2017 census, increased to 47% among females compared to 16.4% for males. The percentage of migrants due to work and accompanying others was close to 26.6% and 26.2% respectively of the total migrants. The percentage of male migrants due to work increased to 42.3% compared to about 13% for females. On the contrary, the proportion of migrants due to accompanying others increased to 27.8% for females compared to 24.6% for males. 2- Recommendations: a. Attempting to attract the population to the expulsion governorates by working to reduce the factors of expulsion, by directing investment to the governorates expelling the population to reduce the process of random migration. A. The social and economic development of the rural areas to transform it from repelling areas into areas of stability for its population through a number of proposed policies. B. Providing services in the villages, including transportation and communications, in addition to health services, utilities and infrastructure such as electricity, clean drinking water and sanitation. C. Plan economic development in a balanced manner, including the distribution of industrial and service projects between urban and rural areas to relieve pressure on large cities.
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