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Economic sectors in Egypt are affected by climatic changes, that would cause great losses to all sectors, most notably the negative impact on coastal areas and the Nile River delta, as they are at risk of drowning due to high water levels and coastal erosion, and a study by the OECD organization on Alexandria Governorate by 2050 expects that it will lose approximately From f 30% of its area if the sea surface rises to about half a meter, This study confirmed that the Nile River revenue is subject to a 10% decrease if the temperature rises to about 1% due to increased evaporation rates, Climate changes affect public health through exposure to climate diseases such as cholera, malaria and yellow fever, and according to the World Health Organization, Egypt has been classified among the third group countries in which the volume of deaths as a result of exposure to climate diseases ranges from 40-80 cases per million of the population annually, The agricultural sector is considered one of the most sensitive sectors, as the sector consumes more than 81% of the resources of the Nile River during 2016, and the agricultural sector was exposed to several damages to agricultural crops as a result of high temperature or torrential waves, and agricultural productivity was affected by strategic food crops and the self-sufficiency ratios were affected by them, and the study expected that If temperatures rise by 2°C by 2050, Feddan productivity will also be negatively affected by crops of wheat, barley, maize, sorghum, rice, soybeans, tomatoes, sunflower and sugar cane, by decreasing rates for these crops respectively 18%, 17%, 19%, 19%, 11%, 28%, 51%, 29% and 25%, and water consumption will increase Of these crops, except for the barley, whose water consumption is expected to decrease by about 2%, The study expected that the cotton crop is the most beneficial kind of crops from climate change, as it is expected to increase by about 17%, as it is expected to increase its water consumption by about 10%, and thus the self-sufficiency ratios of these crops will be reduced and compensated for by importing from abroad, which contributes to increasing the deficit in The Egyptian balance of payments increases the inflation rates in the prices of these commodities due to the decrease in the supply of them, As a result, the Egyptian government is making great efforts to reduce those negative impacts of climate change, as it is considered one of the first signatories to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (unfccc) in 1992, and Egypt has cooperated with the Intergovernmental Authority on Climate Change (ipcc) and since that date Egypt started It is interested in the issue of climate change and participated in all international forums and established in 1996 a unit for climate change in the Environmental Affairs Agency, and Egypt signed the Kyoto Protocol binding countries to reduce their emissions of greenhouse gases during two commitment periods The reduction rate during the first commitment period of (2008-2012) reached about %5.2, While the percentage reduction during the second commitment period (2013-2020) was about 18%, compared to emission levels from 1990, Egypt finished preparing the clean development mechanism to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in 2001, and Egypt implemented several projects within this strategy, which amounted to about 41 projects in the period from 2005-2016, with a total investment cost of more than $ 755 million. These projects have achieved an annual reduction In emissions, approximately 5.4 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent. About 26 projects, including international registration, were registered in the International Executive Board of the Clean Development Mechanism.
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