| المستخلص: |
The victory of the Iranian revolution in February 1979 represented a major transformation in the region through its external influences. The leaders of the Islamic revolution followed a new policy that suited the nature and objectives of the revolution and how to preserve the Islamic system. The principle of exporting the revolution was one of the offensive means to preserve the Iranian revolution The United States of America has become an important strategic alliance in the region, to the traditional enemy of Iran. Since 1979, the Islamic Revolution has followed a new policy towards neighboring countries, especially Afghanistan, which have been affected by the Islamic revolution due to the proximity of the border and the presence of some Afghan Shiites who were influenced by the ideas of the Islamic Revolution. The result was the outbreak of the Herat uprising through the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan ,As Iran has returned to the presence of the Soviets in Afghanistan, a major threat to its borders, but at the same time did not cut Iran relations with the Soviet Union because Iran seeks to balance the Soviet Union and the United States, and Iran did not recognize The communist Afghan governments, whether Barak Karmal or Muhammad Najibullah, despite the Soviet attempt to urge Iran to do so. Iran has rejected all invitations to participate in negotiations on Afghanistan, especially those between Afghanistan and Pakistan under the auspices of the Unite d Nations, and also did not recognize the Geneva Convention in 1988 between Afghanistan and Pakistan under the control of the Soviet Union and the United States, and insisted on continuing to support the resistance And Iran rejected the idea of the return of Muhammad Zahir Shah to the rule of Afghanistan raised during the years 1988-1991, Tehran has rejected that idea, as this may encourage supporters of the monarchy abroad to claim their right to return the son of the former Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Iran that jaw . Iran has offered great support to the Shia Afghans, so the policy is the political and military arms in the countries where the Shiites and loyal to the policy of Iran, and Afghanistan was one of those countries which have Tehran to provide all support to them, under the pretext of the face of communist forces in Afghanistan, and Iran entered in intense competition with Pakistan and Saudi Arabia to claim the Afghan resistance, but it was not in favor of Iran by Shiites compared with minority Sunnis, so by virtue of doctrinal similarities between Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, have been able to control most of the fundamentalist Sunni groups that believe in the ideas of Saudi Arabia has befallen Like the Wahhabist doctrine, that made Iran a more realistic policy This led Iran to pursue a more realistic policy of bringing closer to some Sunni movements with Persian ethnicity in order to achieve balance with Pakistan in preventing them from being alone in leading the Afghan resistance, and Rafsanjani's arrival in power in Iran made the Iranian regime follow a flexible policy in dealing with both the regime Or Afghan fundamentalist groups.
When Moscow abandoned its support for the Afghan regime at the end of 1991, the Afghan regime became in the final stages, which made Iran feel dangerous, from Pakistan's continued support for the fundamentalist jihadists, and Iran tried to find a solution to the Afghan crisis but was unable to do so because of differences between movements Afghan Shiite and Sunni made the latter refused to agree to the conditions of Tehran by giving the right of Afghan Shiites in the next government.
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