| المستخلص: |
The present study has recorded 3 intertwined phenomena in the Arab World in the last decade (2010-2020). The first is extremism, fanaticism or hate, related to violence in all its political and terrorist forms. The second is ethnic (racial/cultural) introversion in connection to religious or sectarian backgrounds, while covered by a minority alliance or by a proposal of integration in states and assuming their issues in partnership with the other citizens. The third is the national state crisis. It is argued that the last one, in its complexities, constitutes the main reason for the other two. Due to the regimes’ despotism and interests, hunger, unemployment, decline of basic services and lack of development, issues like extremism, fanaticism and violence have taken the shape of aggressive, hardline radical religious groups, which aim at excluding or, eliminating, the Other. Therefore, the Arab national state is going through hard times, in terms of internal and external circumstances. However, there are major interconnected factors which lead to the state of collapse, such as economic crises, terrorism and growing ethnic minorities’ sentiments in self-defence. Another element is the rise of secularism as opposed to nationalism, which represents a medium- and long-term obstacle mainly in leading the society, maintaining public order and achieving peace and security at national and international levels. The regimes have also consolidated dilemmas of chauvinism and spread of hate and extremism among many community segments. The adoption of oppression has made violence a permanent environment, a function to discriminate between the basic societal components and a way for them to weaken each other. Then, they have employed such backgrounds to foster their own hegemony and maintain their power. It is concluded that this extremely difficult situation can be fixed. However, it requires time, effort, patience, wisdom and prioritization of higher interests and public benefits - which is the business of all parties (governments, elites and the public).
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