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|f The study sought to eliminate an important phenomenon in Egyptian society whose importance has increased sharply in recent times. It is the phenomenon of rumors circulation and the speed of their spread through social networking sites, especially Facebook as the most famous site in Egyptian society. This phenomenon has become like a systematic war targeting the minds of citizens and attracting them to believe certain false news. The matter is further complicated by the tendency of the majority of users of this tool to believe the news circulating, whether it is related to politics, economy, art, or sport, which threatens the stability of the country and provokes chaos due to the circulation of some critical and dangerous rumors that undermine Egyptian national security. It also serves to provoke societal discontent and anxiety and creates a general state of dissatisfaction, especially in light of the presence of political and terrorist groups and other foreign forces that follow a systematic approach to arousing chaos and anxiety in Egypt. The official authorities in the state began to talk intensively about the seriousness of these rumors. President of the Republic, Field Marshal Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, spoke at the graduation ceremony of military colleges in July 2018 about the phenomenon and its seriousness, where he mentioned a frightening figure 21 thousand rumors spread during three months. Recently some media campaigns have been launched that urge citizens to verify the truth before "sharing" the news on the personal account and pages, such as the awareness call that carried the slogan "think before you suggest" and "there is no need to believe anything you see on social media" in 2018. The enormous progress in visual techniques has made things worse to fabricate images and videos and attach them to the news to present a false and fabricated context on a subject. Thus, there was an urgent need to study this subject and deepen the qualitative analysis of models of rumors. The study analyzed three rumors quantitatively and qualitatively, namely the rumors of "fuel," "lifting support from bread," and "Ark of Alexandria," in order to identify the most important features of Posts that relate to those rumors that make the publication more popular according to the theory of "republishing rumors."\nThe study analyzed 194 published rumors, and the most important findings are: \nThe results of the tests revealed the existence of significant differences in the degree of sharing of the publications for the three rumors according to the variable "credibility of the source" if the source is "official sources or media pages not belonging to the opposition," or "pages and individuals belonging to the Muslim Brotherhood," or "pages and individuals with unidentified tendencies." The degree of sharing publications related to the three rumors originating from the pages and individuals belonging to the Muslim Brotherhood, such as "Rassd Network," "Ana Rabawi," "Mekameleen Channel" page, and "Al Jazeera Mubasher — Egypt," and others have ranked on the top. It shows that the sharing of the publication is "arranged and systematic" by the members of those pages so that they get viral and are viewed by many users of social media sites. The results showed that there are no statistically significant differences in the rate of publication or share of publications for any of the three rumors according to the ambiguity or clarity of their content. It is a shocking result because this explains a general state of recklessness and not thinking before pressing the "share button" by the users of the site, so any content can be shared, even if the text is unclear. The results also revealed statistically significant differences in the rate of sharing of publications relating to rumors of "gasoline" according to the rumor variable (support or reject). \nThe average republication for publications that worked to consolidate the rumor and not to discredit it was greater, which shows the general tendency of citizens to believe everything that is said or written, even if the result of that rumor is relatively different at that point. The increase in actual gasoline prices on official timings has led to a lot of tendencies to believe any rumor of another price increase at other timing or to believe any other fuel rumor, such as the rumor of lifting the whole subsidy. The average was higher in sharing of publications that supported the rumors of "lifting support from bread" and "Ark of Alexandria" versus the average sharing of publications that denied it, but the differences were not significant. These two rumors were characterized by relatively high numbers of defenders who dismissed the rumors. This may be due to the rumor "lifting support from bread" being unrealistic and the lack of conviction of the decision by some, or this may be caused by the lack of interest of a large group of users of those sites who carry smartphones as a commodity like "bread," which affects the poor section of society primarily. The interpretation of that results in relation to the rumors of the "Ark of Alexandria," the average rise among those who shared publications that dismissed the rumors about the subject may be the result of many archaeologists who possess high credibility in this field and who refuted the arguments that demonstrated the things in their actual position. Thus it can be argued that " nature and the particular subject of each rumor" imposes a specific pattern of interaction by the public even though there are almost general constants in some other aspects of public handling of rumors based on the analysis.\nThe results also revealed the significant differences between the average number of publications supporting rumors and those that dismiss them according to the credibility of the source. For example, for "gasoline" rumors, 86.7% of publications supported the rumor, 51.7% were issued from Muslim Brotherhood sources, and 35% from sources with unspecified tendencies. The results also showed that there is no statistical significance in the differences in the publication rate of publications related to the "gasoline" and "Ark of Alexandria" according to the availability or unavailability of (the element of) appeal (simple writing/attaching photos or videos), while it turns out that there are significant differences for the rumor of "stopping subsidy from bread" only because of the element of the appeal. This shows that the text of the news itself and its exciting information is the basis for public attention, and it does not have to contain images or videos.\nThe qualitative analysis of rumors has revealed many observations. Rumors can be classified, according to the content of the rumor, into rumors related to the country's national security, the image of the state, and other rumors related to the needs of the direct citizen such as goods and services and help to provoke discontent and social anxiety, and other rumors that bear humanitarian aspects or are characterized by excitement and mystery. Rumors, according to their credibility, can also be divided into completely untrue rumors, falsification of which can be shown, such as the rumor of "lifting subsidy from bread", and rumors carrying some truth that helps in their spread such as "gasoline" rumors, and some rumors that are characterized by ambiguity and many people may not be convinced of it being fake over time, such as the rumor of "Ark of Alexandria." Several features also emerged, the most notable of which was the replication of similar comments from accounts with different names. This was evident in the comments that reinforce the common content, which is called the phenomenon of electronic battalions or militias that do various technological methods called by foreign studies Malicious Accounts, which are used to serve certain purposes and have become an important icon for publishing rumors in society. The owner of these accounts is often not a real human being but "social bots, cyborg users, and trolls."\nAs it turns out, Fauxtos Technique, which refers to using an image with non-localized news, has been used greatly. The image may be real, but it has been attached to the news that does not express it due to the creation of the wrong context.
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