| المستخلص: |
The objectives of the current study were to investigate the anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory effects of the aqueous leaf extract of Moringa Oleifera (MO) on weight gain, food intake, food efficiency ratio (FER), and insulin resistance determined by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and adiponectin levels in Sprague-Dawley rats fed high saturated fat diet (HSFD). TwoMO doses (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) were administrated by oral gavage concurrently with two types of diet. Normal fat diet (NFD) (9.3% from fat) and HSFD (45% from fat). Fifty three adult male rats were divided into five groups: NFD without MO, HSFD without MO, NFD with 200 mg/kg MO, HSFD with 200 mg/kg MO, and HSFD with 400 mg/kg MO. Then after 6 weeks of the experiment, rats were sacrificed and blood samples was collected and analyzed. Findings demonstrated that compared to rats fed the NFD, feeding the HSFD showed a significantly higher mean values ( P< 0.05) in regards to weight gain (101.4 ± 6.2vs.124.3 ± 7.7; P>0.05), food efficiency ratio (FER) (19.84 ± 1.50 vs. 12.79 ± 0.86; P<0.05), fasting blood glucose (FBG) (8.3 ± 0.2 vs. 6.3 ± 0.2; P<0.05), insulin (28.4 ± 2.4 vs. 14.3 ± 1.4; P<0.05), HOMA-IR (13.2 ±0.7 vs. 4.0 ± 0.4; P<0.05), TNF-α (1.91 ± 0.1 vs. 109.8 ± 6.6; P<0.05), and significantly lower mean values in regards to accumulative food intake (AFI) (639.3 ± 29.5 vs. 798.7 ± 25.6 g) and adiponectin (1.91 ± 0.1 vs. 4.3 ± 0.2; P<0.05). Oral administration of 200 mg/kg MO to rats fed the NFD showed significantly lower mean values than rats fed the NFD without MO supplementation (P<0.05) in regards to weight gain (64.6 ± 3.0 vs. 101.4 ± 6.2; P<0.05), FER (8.6 ± 0.5 vs. 12.8 ± 0.9; P<0.05), FBG (3.9 ± 0.3 vs. 6.3 ± 0.2; P<0.05), HOMA-IR (2.2 ± 0.3 vs. 4.0 ± 0.4; P<0.05), TNF-α (88.4 ± 4.0 vs. 109.8 ± 6.6; P<0.05) and significantly higher mean values for adiponectin (5.2 ± 0.2 vs. 4.3 ± 0.2; P<0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference between rats gavaged by 200 mg/kg MO and rats fed the NFD in regards to the AFI (755.3 ± 27.2 vs. 798.7 ± 25.6; P>0.05) and insulin levels (12.7 ± 0.9 14.3 ± 1.4; P>0.05).
Oral administration of 200 mg/kg MO to rats fed the HSFD, resulted in significant lower mean values than rats fed the HSFD in regards to WG (75.1 ± 5.7 vs. 124.3 ± 7.7; P<0.05), FER (10.55 ± 0.75 vs. 19.84 ± 1.50; P<0.05), FBG (7.2 ± 0.3 vs. 8.33 ± 0.16; P<0.05), insulin (28.4 ± 2.4 vs. 35.6 ± 1.6; P<0.05), HOMA-IR (9.0 ± 0.7 vs. 13.2 ± 0.7; P<0.05), TNF-α (161.9 ± 7.0 vs. 222.8 ± 6.2 P<0.05) and significantly higher mean value for adiponectin (3.3 ± 0.2 vs. 9.0 ± 0.7; P<0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in regards to the AFI (639.3 ± 29.5 vs. 711.9 ± 14.1; P>0.05) between rats fed the HSFD with 200 mg/kg MO and control rats fed the HSFD without MO. Oral administration of 400 mg/kg MO with HSFD fed rats caused significantly lower than rats fed the HSFD, in regards to WG (60.7 ± 7.5 vs. 124.3 ± 7.7; P<0.05), FER (9.4 ± 0.8 vs. 19.8 ± 1.5; P<0.05), FBG (7.1 ± 0.2 vs. 8.3 ± 0.2; P<0.05), insulin (8.6 ± 1.9 vs. 35.6 ± 1.6; P<0.05), TNF-α (162.9 ± 11.3vs 222.8 ± 6.2; P<0.05) and significantly higher levels of adiponectin (3.0 ± 0.2 vs. 1.9 ± 0.1; P<0.05). No significant difference in regards to the AFI (P >0.05) between rats fed the HSFD with 400 mg/kg MO and control rats fed the HSFD without MO. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the dose of 200 mg/kg MO and the dose of 400 mg/kg MO in rats fed the HSFD in regards to all tested parameters In conclusion, HSFD was effective in increasing weight gain, inflammatory markers and insulin resistance, which could be prevented by the treatment with either 200 or 400 mg/kg MO. This might have beneficial effects for the prevention and treatment of obesity and therefore type 2 diabetes surrogate biomarkers by reducing body weight gain without changes in food intake and improving insulin resistance by immunomodulation of prionflammatory markers during obesity.
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