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الرئيسية > الاحتلال التيموري الأول للعراق...>الوصف

الاحتلال التيموري الأول للعراق وانهياره 795-797 هـ. = 1393-1395 م.

المصدر: المجلة الأردنية الدولية أريام للعلوم الإنسانية والاجتماعية
الناشر: مركز أريام للبحوث والدراسات
المؤلف الرئيسي: النجار، رغد عبدالكريم أحمد (مؤلف)
المؤلف الرئيسي (الإنجليزية): Al-Najjar, Raghad Abdul Karim Ahmed
المجلد/العدد: مج1, ع2
محكمة: نعم
الدولة: الأردن
التاريخ الميلادي: 2019
الصفحات: 14 - 24
ISSN: 2706-8455
رقم MD: 1166585
نوع المحتوى: بحوث ومقالات
اللغة: العربية
قواعد المعلومات: EduSearch, HumanIndex
مواضيع:
الدولة المغولية | الحكم الجلائري | التاريخ السياسي | العراق
كلمات المؤلف المفتاحية:
الاحتلال | التيموري | العراق | الانهيار
رابط المحتوى:
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المستخلص: خضع العراق بعد انهيار دولة المغول الايلخانية سنة 736 ه/1335 م للأمير حسن الجلائري الذي تمكن بعد صراع داع أربعة سنوات مع القوة المتنافسة معه على اقتسام أملاك الدولة الايلخانية وتمكن سنة 740 ه/1339 م من الاستيلاء على بغداد وإعلان تأسيس كيان له فيها سميت بالدولة الجلائرية نسبة لقبيلة جلائر وجلائر هي إحدى القبائل المغولية التي كان زعمائها من المشاركين في إدارة الدولة المغولية الايلخانية في العراق وبلاد إيران وآذربيجان. حكم السلطان حسن الجلائري العراق متخذا من بغداد عاصمة لدولته من سنة (740-757 ه/1339-1356 م)، وليخلفه من بعده على الحكم ابنه السلطان أويس (757-776 ه/1356-1374 م) وساد على عهد أويس الاستقرار في العراق حتى وفاته سنة 776 ه/1374 م ليخلفه على الحكم ابنه السلطان حسين، وشهد العراق على عهده فترة اضطرابات سياسية بسبب منافسة أخوته له على السلطنة، ولينتهي الصراع بمقتل السلطان حسين واستيلاء أخيه أحمد الجلائري على الحكم سنة 784 ه/1382 م ووصف السلطان أحمد بأنه كان سيء الخلق وجاهر بالفساد وأساء معاملة الرعية، وعلى عهده شهد العراق الغزو التيموري له. وسمي بالغزو التيموري نسبة لتيمورلنك الذي كان قد استحوذ على بلاد ما وراء النهر من المغول الجغتائيين، وأسس دولة له فيها سميت بالدولة التيمورية سنة 765 ه/1363 م.

After the collapse of the Mughal state of El-Ekhaniya in 736 AH/ 1335 AD, after a four-year conflict with the rival power of the State of Elghakhania, Iraq was able to seize Baghdad and declare the establishment of an entity in it., And Glair is one of the Mughal tribes whose leaders were involved in the administration of the Mongol state of Ilkhaniya in Iraq, the country of Iran and Azerbaijan. The rule of Sultan Hassan al-Jalari took Iraq from Baghdad as the capital of his country from 740-757 AH/ 1339-1356 AD. His successor was Sultan Oyis (757-776 AH/ 1356-1374 AD). (1374 A.D.) to succeed him in the reign of Sultan Hussein. Iraq witnessed a period of political unrest because of the rivalry of its brothers over the Sultanate. The conflict ended with the death of Sultan Hussein and the capture of his brother Ahmed Al-Jalari in 784 AH/ 1382 AD. He described Sultan Ahmed as being bad,, And during his reign Iraq witnessed the Timorese invasion. It was called the Timorese invasion of Timorlank, which had acquired the country beyond the river of the Mongol Mongols, and founded a state in which it was called the Timorese state in 765 AH/ 1363 AD. One of the political goals of Tamerlane was that he considered himself the heir to the property of the Mongol Empire, including the property of the Illegal state, which included Iran, Azerbaijan, Iraq and the territory of the Frattian island. Indeed, he set up plans to form an empire similar to that of the Genghis Khan empire, and therefore he prepared a major military campaign which he launched into the countries of Iran, Azerbaijan and Iraq. After he achieved his goals in Iran, Tamerlane directed his troops to Azerbaijan, which had been under the rule of the Sultan since the reign of Sultan Oyes. Although Sultan Ahmad went to Azerbaijan with his troops, he did not find himself capable of confronting Tamerlane, The city of the Sultan in 787 AH/ 1385 AD, and Tamerlane was able to occupy Azerbaijan easily after the withdrawal of Ahmed Jalari from them to Baghdad, and with the attempts of Sultan Ahmed Jalari to form a coalition of regional powers in the region against Tamerlane but his efforts did not accept the concern of those forces represented by the Ottomans and Mamluks in Egypt and Lash and Qawinlu in Iraq and eastern Anatolia with their internal problems and political conflicts and fear of provoking Tamerlane against them. Tamerlane has set Iraq as one of its most important expansionist goals as it is the key to the Levant, the Hijaz, Egypt and Anatolia. Those who control Iraq will secure the most important Silk Road stations to the east and west and the route of trade coming from the Arabian Gulf. Sultan Ahmad Al-Jalari did not take action against the armies of Tamerlane from Azerbaijan towards Iraq. After he joined Tamerlane many of the emirs of Ahmed al-Jalawi, who had been sent by the Sultan to monitor the movements of Timor and told him (that Sultan Ahmed is a piece of live flesh, although he has eyes). And the nearness of the forces of Tamerlane from Baghdad, and the failure of Sultan Ahmed to confront the invaders, where he chose to withdraw from Baghdad with his harem and money to Hilla, leaving Baghdad to its inevitable fate and entered by Tamarin forces without resistance on 27 Shawwal, 795 AH 1393 AD houses of oppression and torture and murder Which killed more than three thousand people. During the two-month stay in Baghdad, he joined his administration and sent his son Miranshah, who captured Hilla after he left Sultan Ahmed to the Levant and another force captured Wassit. Timur then led his forces north and seized Tikrit in Muharram in 796 AH November 1394 After weak resistance and Kirkuk and Mosul entered a reconciliation, thus tightening his control of Iraq until the year 797 AH/ 1395 AD, where this year Sultan Ahmed Jalari managed to regain his influence on Iraq and end the occupation of Timorese.
ISSN: 2706-8455

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