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يهدف البحث إلى تقييم السياسات البيئية والاقتصادية في مصر المرتبطة بالعمل على الحد من الآثار السلبية للتغيرات المناخية، وإلقاء الضوء على تلك الأثار السلبية على مختلف القطاعات الاقتصادية في العالم والتركيز على الوضع في جمهورية مصر العربية. وذلك في إطار النظام المؤسسي والتشريعي الحالي المعني بقضية التغيرات المناخية في مصر. اعتمدت الدراسة على الجمع بين المنهج التحليلي والمنهج الاستقرائي بالإضافة إلى أسلوب الدراسة الميدانية بهدف اختبار الفروض البحثية، وتوصل البحث إلى عدد من النتائج أهمها: 1. إن عدم تفعيل الاتفاقيات المناخية بحزمة من السياسات البيئية والاقتصادية المشتركة الفاعلة يحد من قدرة هذه الاتفاقيات في مواجهة الآثار السلبية للتغير المناخي. ٢. ضعف أو غياب دور السياسات البيئية الفعالة يزيد من التداعيات السلبية للتغيرات المناخية.
Climatic changes are the origin of all external influences on the biosphere and they are more complex than any environmental issue due to the multiplicity and complexity of its causes and the reflexive bearing in mind that poor countries contribute less of increasing greenhouse gases suffering more than the consequences of the worsening of the warming phenomenon. The global change, therefore don’t cause a problem at the level of efficiency only, but its effects extend to the dimensions of equality and justice. Climatic changes are therefore, a number of major challenges, causing more pressure to our societies and environments, the global impacts of climatic change are wide-ranging and unprecedented in scale, ranging from changing weather patterns that threaten food production, to rising sea levels that increase the risk of catastrophic floods. Adapting to these influences, will be more difficult and costly in the future if radical actions are not taken now and some of these negative reflections show that the global warming phenomenon is worsening in the form of: 1. The global average temperature has risen by 0.85°c from 1880 to 2012. 2. The oceans become warmer, and the amounts of snow and ice have decreased and the sea level rose. 3. The average of sea level in the world rose by 19 cm as the oceans expanded due to the high temperatures and melting ice from 1901 to 2010. The Arctic sea ice volume has shrunk in every decade since 1979, with a loss of 1.07 x 106 square kilometres of ice per decade. 4. Due to the current concentrations and persistent emissions of greenhouse gases, the end of this century is likely to witness increase from 1.2 degrees in the global temperatures above 1990 level (about 1.5 - 2.5°c above the pre¬industrial level). The world's oceans will continue to warm and the melting of the ice will continue. The average sea level is expected to rise to 24-30 cm in 2065 and 40-63 cm by 2100 compared with the period between 1986 and 2005. Most aspects of the climatic change will persist for centuries even if emissions are halted. The economic and social problems of the climatic changes have increases due to the non-tolerance of the Parties that have caused increased emissions of gases global warming costs and their burden of loss these emissions are generated in a total manner so that they cannot be allocated to the source, therefore polluter-pays principle is difficult to apply and is however considered to be international and long-term effect, with social and economic repercussions that are difficult to calculate accurately by the environmental accounting scientists, where it is necessary to limit the amount of emissions harmful effects of activities and the diversion of externalities as well as the loss of externalities and the cost to members of the community social societal Costs and then the internal effects of internalities which turn into environmental costs. There is disturbing evidence of significant shifts that will lead to irreversible changes in the major ecosystems and climatic system of the planet, if not already achieved or exceed, and the various ecosystems such as the Amazon rainforest and tundra in Arctic may be approaching the thresholds of radical change by high temperatures and droughts, mountain avalanches are threatening a serious downturn and the effects of a decline in the water supplies of the drier months, where they will have repercussions beyond the generations. United Nations efforts have combined to establish a legal entity that unites efforts to reduce emissions and reduce the negative effects of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, signed in 1992 at the Earth Summit as a first step in addressing the problem of climatic change. Today, this convention is consider as a universal membership, 197 states have ratified the convention and by 1995 countries have begun negotiations to strengthen the response global climatic change, two years later, the Kyoto Protocol was adopted and the number of accessions to the Kyoto Protocol was 192 and legally binding the developed country Parties with emission reduction targets. The first commitment period of the Protocol began in 2008 and ended in 2012, starting with the second commitment period on 1 January 2013 and expiring in 2020. The study of environmental and economic policies to reduce these serious consequences has had to be addressed in order to determine how its effectiveness in addressing the negative effects of the phenomenon of climatic changes and to assess the extent to which Egypt has fulfilled its international obligations, starting without Framework Convention on the Climatic Change through the Kyoto Protocol in order to reach the Paris 2015 agreement.
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