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|b Contractual agriculture is important as a mechanism to manage the supply of markets to agricultural products, In this direction, Republican Decree No. 14 of 2015 was issued to establish the Center for Contracted Agriculture, Despite the promulgation of the law on agriculture, this method has not been widely applied in Egyptian agriculture, The problem of the study was to inquire about the advantages of the method of contract farming, and the determinants of its application, applied to Egyptian agriculture?, The study aimed to study the advantages and determinants of the application of contract farming in Egyptian agricultural production and propose an institutional and organizational framework for its application, The research reached the following: 1.The advantages of applying contractual agriculture to both the farmer and the contracting party (trader, manufacturer, exporter, consumer) and the macroeconomic system are varied. A- For farmers, the most important of which was to ensure the marketing of production, stable farm price of agricultural products, low risk and uncertainties of the agricultural production process, stability of net yield and avoidance of loss, contribution to the provision of production requirements, increasing awareness and the use of modern technologies in agriculture, high marketing efficiency, And marketing of the resulting crop. B- This is the most important of which is the stability of the supply of agricultural produce in the market, which provides stability of the price of the produce and its products in the market, raising the efficiency of the production units, providing information on the market in light of the availability of institutional organization of the contractual process and benefiting from the high number of exhibitors in obtaining better contractual conditions. Of appropriate marketing opportunities internally and externally- To increase the agricultural value of agricultural products, increase awareness of innovations in agricultural production, provide technical guidance for farmers, increase the competitive advantage of Egyptian agricultural products externally, achieve food safety by improving the quality of agricultural products, increasing farm income .2- The weakness of the agricultural production system, the weakness of the production of agricultural production, the slow pace of litigation in Egypt, the weakness of awareness and awareness among the small agricultural producers with the concepts of quality, environment and food safety, The prevailing culture of fear of the contractual commitment of the small agricultural producers, the mediators benefit from the current situation of the marketing process of agricultural products, the lack of market information at the time of agriculture, the lack of a clear institutional system for contractual agriculture.3- The study reached a proposal for an institutional and regulatory framework for contractual agriculture, and it was based on seven basic pillars which were at the time of contracting, the contracting parties, the trading market for the forward delivery represented by the Agricultural Exchange, the contract, the contract registration center, the dispute resolution committees, the insurance system, 4- The study of the economic indicators of sugar beet production in the sample of the field study in Dakahlia governorate showed that the average productivity of the crop amounted to about 29.8 tons, with a total of the feddan production costs of about 9063 LE with an average cost per ton of about 304 pounds. The net return per feddan was about LE 2857, the return on variable costs was LE 7837, the return on cost ratio was about 132.5% and the profitability of the spent pound was 0.32.5- A study of the economic efficiency of sugar beet production in the sample of the field study in Dakahlia governorate showed that 95% of the changes in the quantity of production in tons were due to the change in the production factors of nitrogen fertilizer and human labor. The production elasticity reached 0.23 and 0.79 respectively. The value of the marginal product to the cost of opportunity takes more than the right value of each of the two components of production, which means that the use of these two components is done economically. 6- The most important problems related to the contracting process for sugar beet were studied in the sample of the field study in Dakahlia governorate, and it was found that the most important problems were the delay in the shipment of the crop from the assembly sites, causing deterioration in its condition. There is a delay in paying for the crop, and a high rate of natural deduction Recommendations: 1- Implementation of a media package aimed at farmers with the benefits of contractual agriculture, which showed the most important study, especially in the field of guaranteeing marketing and providing technical support, and financial and financial support. 2- To raise awareness among the marketing and consumption groups of agricultural production of the importance of contractual agriculture, especially in the field of market stability, and provide their needs of agricultural production with the desired characteristics and qualities.3 - the application of the stage of contractual agriculture in the production of plants, and start in the production of vegetables and gardens, because of the study of low marketing efficiency4. Apply the proposed institutional and organizational framework as an applied mechanism for the concept of contract farming5 - interest in the provision and expansion of services complemented with contractual agriculture, especially in the field of marketing services, as evidenced by the study of the decline in the volume of these services compared to the volume of plant production in the Republic.
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