| المستخلص: |
أدى الوسط الطبيعي دورا مهما في نمط حياة الإنسان وظروف معيشته، وأثرت تضاريسه بعناصرها المختلفة وبنيته الجيولوجية في انتهاج أسلوب معماري في بناء المعالم الجنائزية، أملته نوعية الصخور ووفرة الحجارة المتناثرة في مواقع التجمعات الجنائزية الميغاليثية وشبه الميغاليثية، التي تنفلق بصورة طبيعية، أو تلك التي تحكم، في قلعها الإنسان بمقادير وأحجام مقصودة مسبقا.
The natural environment has an important influence on the condi¬tions and the way of life of man. Different aspects of the topography and the geological composition of soil successors served as base for the construction of megalithic monuments and para-megalithic including limestone or sandstone crusts debited by the hand of man according to his needs, or those that have been extracted, or those crumbling natu¬rally dictated the old building a particular type of funerary monuments. The situation is the opposite of what happens in Europe, where a number of sites returned on plains or hills offering no rock may provide building material megalithic monuments: the material is non-native and can be transported sometimes 20 km. The monuments we visited in eastern Algeria, all materials used are indigenous or in situ previews. Therefore, all megalithic and para- megalithic monuments were built on rock formations providing slabs, blocks and stones whose shape and volume ordered the construction of a type of monument (tumulus, bazinas, dolmens ...). Mounds are spread over areas where the substrate is invisible, sometimes only a few veins visible and isolated block were exploited and charged. By cons, in almost all cases, these mounds were built with blocks and stones scat¬tered on the ground, or with crusts folded and thrust sheets that natu¬rally occur in small blocks in the form of flakes ready used and which are extracted effortlessly. The Bazinas, dolmens and other megalithic structures are located on training with exposed layers of limestone and sandstone on all these types of cemeteries, especially on slopes and steep slopes. The break¬down of their blocks was carried out either naturally by the effect of freezing and thawing that dislocates the blocks at the existing verti¬cal cracks welded calcite. These blocks are used in the construction of orthostates burial chambers and in circles around them. Or they were debited by the hand of man using tools of iron and steel similar to those of ancient times and processes that can testify to the late date of these megalithic monuments and para-megalithic.
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