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الرئيسية > الهجرة الداخلية بين حضر وريف م...>الوصف

الهجرة الداخلية بين حضر وريف محافظات جمهورية مصر العربية 2017

العنوان بلغة أخرى: Study of Internal Migration between Urban and Rural in Governorate of Arab Republic of Egypt
المصدر: السكان : بحوث ودراسات
الناشر: الجهاز المركزي المصري للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء
المؤلف الرئيسي: سعيد، هبه أحمد (مؤلف)
مؤلفين آخرين: عبدالجواد، رباب كمال (م. مشارك) , الجبالي، لمياء محسن محمد (م. مشارك)
المجلد/العدد: ع101
محكمة: نعم
الدولة: مصر
التاريخ الميلادي: 2021
الشهر: يناير
الصفحات: 39 - 69
رقم MD: 1318407
نوع المحتوى: بحوث ومقالات
اللغة: العربية
قواعد المعلومات: EcoLink
مواضيع:
البرامج التنموية | الهجرة الداخلية | المناطق الريفية | المناطق الحضرية | مصر
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المستخلص: Internal migration is considered one of the most important factors that affect the redistribution of population within the republic. Therefore, this study is concerned with the migration of people between urban and rural of the governorates, which helps planners and decision-makers to set appropriate development plans, policies and programs to face the economic and social problems that limit the process of sustainable development. Through reviewing internal migration process in Egypt, the study concluded the following results: • The total number of migrants reached about 8.3 million migrants, which represent about 8% of the population in Egypt, of whom about 5 million migrants, by 60,1% of the total migrants in the Republic who have moved to urban of the governorates (those who moved from urban of another governorate or who moved to the same urban governorate or the rural areas of another governorate or a rural area of the same governorate)4 3.3 million migrants representing 39.9% of the total migrants in Egypt who moved to the rural areas of the governorates (those who moved from another governorate or who moved from urban of the same governorate or the rural areas of another governorate or the rural areas of the same governorate). • 73.2% of the total migrants to urban areas moved from the governorate’s urban area to that of the same governorate, while 81.4% of the total migrants to the rural areas moved from the governorate’s rural areas to the rural areas of the same governorate. • Total migrants according to the definition used in the study (migration from urban to rural or vice versa) were about 1.2 million, or 1.3% of the total population of Egypt, according to the 2017 census. • The total number of migrants to urban of the governorates of Egypt reached about 684 thousand, 0.7% of the total number of migrants to urban areas. The percentage of migrants to the governorates in Upper Egypt was nearly similar to the parentage of migrants to the governorates lower Egypt, by 41% of the total migrants for each of them, followed by the urban governorates by 13.3%, while the frontier governorates were the lowest governorates that migrated to by 4.1% of total migrants to urban areas. • Cairo had the largest number of migrants to it at the level of urban governorates, by 8.6% of the total number of migrants in urban areas, while Sharkia had the highest number of migrants in Lower Egypt by 9.1% of total the urban migrants, and Giza had the highest number of the migrants in the Upper Egypt, by 10.5% of total migrants to urban migrants. • The total number of migrants to the rural areas of the governorates of Egypt reached about 543 thousand. The rural areas of the governorates of Lower Egypt had the largest percentage of migrants coming to it, by 57.2% of the total urban migrants, followed by the rural Upper Egypt governorates by 40.2% of the total migrants, while the rural areas of the frontier governorates was the lowest of the governorates that migrated to it, by 1.9% of total migrants. • The rural areas of Qalyubia Governorate had the highest number of migrants at the level of the governorates of Lower Egypt, by 17% of the total number of migrants in the rural areas. The rural areas of Giza governorate had the highest number of migrants in Upper Egypt, with 16.8% of the total migrants in the rural areas.

• The phenomenon of internal migration, whether from rural to urban or from urban to rural areas, is more common for youth (20- 29 years) and the next group (30- 39 years), and this is related with the age of entry into the labor market and engaging in work and searching for a better job opportunity by migrating to another place, whether from rural areas to urban areas or from urban to rural areas. • The value of the dissimilarity index according to age groups is close in both urban and rural, as it recorded 27.1% in urban areas compared to 28.8% in rural areas. This indicates that there are moderate differences between the distribution migrants and non-migrants in both urban and rural areas. • The percentage of married migrants reached 83.2%, 86.5% for each of the urban and rural areas respectively, followed by the percentage of migrants who had never married, 12.4% in urban areas compared to 9.4% in rural areas, followed by the percentage of migrants who were widowed, 2.9% for urban, compared to 2.6% for the rural areas. • The pattern of the relative distribution of non-migrants according to the marital status in both urban and rural areas is similar to that of migrants, but with the observation of the high percentage of married migrants compared to non- migrants, and on the contrary, the proportion of never married increased compared to that of migrants, and this was reflected in the dissimilarity index according to marital status, by 21% for urban compared to 14.6% for rural. • The increase in the percentage of young people (15- 29 years) as well as the proportion of individuals in the age group (30- 39 years) among migrants compared to non-migrants were reflected in the educational status of both, that the educational status of migrants is in a better position compared to non-migrants, especially in the rural areas. With regard to urban areas, the percentage of those with an intermediate technical qualification increased significantly to reach 27.4% in urban areas compared to 20.9% in the rural areas, and for the rural areas, the percentage of illiterate people among migrants decreased to 24.4% compared to 32.9% for non-migrants, and the total percentage of those with an intermediate, above-intermediate and university qualification increased to reach 51.8% for migrants compared to 35.8% for non-migrants. • The value of dissimilarity index according to the educational status for both urban and rural areas reached 8.4% and 16% respectively. This means that the value of the differences between migrants and non-migrants is small, but the percentage in the rural areas represents twice the percentage in urban areas. • The better educational status of migrants in rural was reflected in the increase of the percentage of managers, specialists, and technicians, reaching 27.2% for migrants, compared to 17.2% for non-migrants. • The dissimilarity index according to the main occupations departments reached 4.7% in urban areas compared to 5% in the rural areas. This means that there are small differences between the two distributions to in urban and rural areas.

• Regarding the reasons for migration, we find that the highest rate of female migration, whether from urban to rural or vice versa, was due to marriage, reaching (49.2- 48.2%) respectively. • The percentage of migration due to accompanying the family for females (33.9% for the countryside and 21.6% for the urban ones) respectively, while the same percentage for males was (25.5%- 25.4%) for both the rural and the urban areas, respectively, which indicates that the migration of individuals in Egypt, whether for urban or rural areas, is a family migration. • According to the study, The percentage of migration due to study increases for immigrants from urban to rural areas, whether for females or males, as it recorded about (8.3% for males compared to 5.5% for females) than for immigrants from rural to urban areas, which recorded (6.9% for males compared to 3.3% for females) and this may be due to an increase The state’s interest in building schools and universities in rural areas. • Migration due to divorce or widowhood recorded the lowest percentage either for urban to rural migrants or vice versa. After reviewing the results, the study recommends the following: • Distributing industrial and service projects between urban and rural areas to relieve pressure on large cities, through proper planning for balanced economic development. • Developing the rural areas, socially and economically, to transform it from expulsion areas to areas of stability for its population through a number of proposed policies. • Providing services in villages such as transportation and communications, in addition to health services, utilities and infrastructure such as electricity, clean drinking water and sanitation. • Focus by the media on the achievements and efforts made by the state in the infrastructure of new urban areas to attract residents for their reconstruction. • Encouraging the population to migrate to the new urban areas by supporting small projects to alleviate the problem of unemployment among the educated and the consequence of these projects and solve the problems facing the small investor in these areas. • Paying attention to the population aspect and trying to control population growth and then reduce unemployment rates and activate rehabilitation and training programs to provide residents of these different areas with the skills required in the markets of these regions.

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