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تعد الفكاهة مظهرا فطريا واجتماعيا مهما في حياة الإنسان، وتتنوع آليات إنتاجها؛ فمنها ما يكون صادرا عن حركة أو فعل أو هيئة أو مظهر يثير الضحك، ومنها ما يكون صادرا عن التداول الشفهي واستعمال اللغة، وهذا الأخير يعتمد في جزء كبير منه على الالتباس المقصود أو غير المقصود في دلالات الألفاظ أو استعمالها في سياقات غير معهودة، وقد ظهرت التداولية في الدراسات اللغوية الحديثة لينصب اشتغالها على دراسة استعمالات اللغة في حياة الناطقين بها، حيث وجد الباحثون أن بعض الخطابات لا تكفي بنفسها أو بمعناها الظاهري لمعرفة المقصد منها بل لابد من تأويلها بالاعتماد على معطيات معينة تساعد على إدراك معانيها الضمنية، وهو ما يعرف ب"الاستلزام الحواري" الذي يعنى بالاختلاف بين ما يقال وما يقصد بين المتكلم والمخاطب، وهذه الفكرة تعد عنصرا حاضرا في إنتاج كثير من الحوارات الفكاهية، ومن هنا جاء هذا البحث لتوظيف "نظرية الاستلزام الحواري" في تفسير فكاهة النوادر الكلامية، وذلك بتطبيقها على كتاب "التطفيل وحكايات الطفيليين وأخبارهم ونوادر كلامهم وأشعارهم للبغدادي" فهو من الكتب التراثية التي تحكي نوادر الطفيلين وبعض الملح وطرائف الفكاهات التي رويت عنهم، مما يجعل مبادئ الاستلزام الحواري حاضرة ومؤثرة.
Humor is an important innate and social aspect of human life. The mechanisms of its production vary, some of which are emanating from a movement, an act, a form, or an appearance that provokes laughter, and what is emanating from oral circulation and the use of language. The latter depends in large part on the intentional or unintentional confusion in the semantics of the terms or their use in unusual contexts. Pragmatics has appeared in modern linguistic studies to focus its work on studying the uses of language in the lives of its speakers, where the researchers found that some discourses are not sufficient by themselves or in their apparent meaning to know the intent of them. Rather, they must be interpreted based on certain data that help to understand their implicit meanings. This is what is known as the “conversational Implicature,” which means the difference between what is said and what is intended between the speaker and the addressee. This idea is an element present in the production of many humorous dialogues. Hence, this research came to employ the “conversational implicature theory” in interpreting the humor of anecdotes, by applying it to the book “Al-Baghdadi’s Parasitism and Tales of Gatecrashing, their news, anecdotes, and poems.” It is one of the heritage books that tell the anecdotes of Intruders and the anecdotes of the jokes that were narrated about them, which makes the principles of conversational Implicature present and influential. This study addresses the news of the intruders and their dialogues and re reading them from a pragmatic perspective, to try to identify the secrets of humor and the ways of generating it, and to study the availability of the principles of conversational Implicature in the dialogues of the intruders, and the impact of their absence or deviation from them in giving the linguistic text the humorous dimension and the characteristic of laughter. The study also seeks to attempt to provide an acceptable scientific explanation to provoke such dialogues for laughter, based on the principles presented by the conversational Implicature theory that guarantee the success, safety, and seriousness of dialogue in the event of commitment to them, and generate other matters, the most important of which are: laughter or humor in the event that talk is shifted or violated. To achieve these goals, the study was divided into an introduction and two sections. The first of them came about (The Conversational Implicature and Content Semantic in the Book), to identify the theoretical framework for the study. The second came to apply the principles of conversational Implicature to the book of gatecrashing and the tales of intruders by studying two principles, namely: (the principle of cooperation-the principle of politeness) to link these principles and the rules they contain and the occurrence of humor.
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