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|a في القوانين الإيرانية، نلاحظ المادة الأولى من قانون المسؤولية التقصيرية الإيراني، تبنى المسؤولية التقصيرية أصولا على التقصير. وقد اعتبرت المادة ٧ من نفس القانون أعلاه، من له الولاية القانونية على الصغير والمجنون مسؤولا أذا ارتكاب تقصيرا في واجب مراقبة الصغير والعناية به، أما في القوانين العراقية يمكن الاستنباط من خلال مجموع المواد (١٩١،٢١٨،٢٢٠) من قانونه المدني بأنه يتبع أساس التقصير، ولكن المشرع العراقي قرر تقصيرا مفترضا للأب والجد للأب ولم يضع القانون نصا خاصا لباقي الأشخاص الملزمين طبقا للقانون أو الاتفاق بواجب رقابة الصغير والمجنون. أما الإجراءات القضائية في فرنسا وبتفسير متفاوت لنص المادة ١٢٤٢ من القانون المدني الفرنسي، فقد حدث تغير في التوجه مثير للاهتمام وجدير بالتعلم يمكن عرضه كالاتي: التغير في التوجه من لزوم أثبات تقصير الوالدين إلى تقصير مفترض وفي النهاية الفصل بين أساس التقصير وتحميل الوالدين المسؤولية دون تقصير. لتغير أساس المسؤولية التقصيرية للوالدين في هذه الأنظمة القانونية الثلاثة (أيران، فرنسا والعراق) ولغرض ضمان حقوق المتضررين وتأثير التأمين عن المسؤولية التقصيرية، (أعد موضوع المقالة بعد مطالعة مقارنة)
|b In Iranian law, according to Article 1 of the Iranian Civil Liability Law, civil liability is primarily based on fault. According to Article 7 of the Civil Liability Law, a minor or insane guardian is liable when he or she has failed to care for a child. In Iraqi law, it is inferred from Articles 191, 218 and 220 of the Civil Code that the principle of guilt is still followed, but the legislature has presumed guilt for the father and paternal grandfather, and in the case of other persons, who have the duty to take care of The juvenile and the insane to be legally or by agreement, has not issued a special sentence. But the French jurisprudence, with a different interpretation from Article 1242 of the French Civil Code, has shown an interesting and instructive development: moving from the need to prove the guilt of parents to the presumption of guilt and finally separation from the basis of guilt and imposing responsibility without guilt on Parents. The comparative study of the evolution of the bases of parental civil liability in the three legal systems of Iran, France and Iraq, which has been conducted with the aim of guaranteeing the rights of victims and under the influence of civil liability insurance, is the subject of this article In Iranian law, according to Article 1 of the Iranian Civil Liability Law, civil liability is primarily based on fault. According to Article 7 of the Civil Liability Law, a minor or insane guardian is liable when he or she has failed to care for a child. In Iraqi law, it is inferred from Articles 191, 218 and 220 of the Civil Code that the principle of guilt is still followed, but the legislature has presumed guilt for the father and paternal grandfather, and in the case of other persons, who have the duty to take care of The juvenile and the insane to be legally or by agreement, has not issued a special sentence. But the French jurisprudence, with a different interpretation from Article 1242 of the French Civil Code, has shown an interesting and instructive development: moving from the need to prove the guilt of parents to the presumption of guilt and finally separation from the basis of guilt and imposing responsibility without guilt on Parents. The comparative study of the evolution of the bases of parental civil liability in the three legal systems of Iran, France and Iraq, which has been conducted with the aim of guaranteeing the rights of victims and under the influence of civil liability insurance, is the subject of this article
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