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|a يعتمد فن النوتان في أصله على عنصري الضوء والظلام، حيث يتم وضع العنصرين بجوار بعضهما البعض من أجل العمل على تصميم الشكل، وكلمة نوتان في أصلها هي كلمة يابانية، تتكون تلك الكلمة من جزأين هامين وهما No (نو) وتعني الخافت أو الباهت، بالإضافة إلى tan (تان) وهي تعني درجة الكثافة والظلام والعمق، وبالتالي فهي تعني التفاعل بين الضوء والظلام، وتعني أيضا العلاقة بين الإيجابية (الشكل) والسلبية (الفراغ) والحصول على التوازن بينهما. والأبيض والأسود (فن النوتان) فن عريق تتعدد تقنياته لتكون معبرة وهادفة، حيث تلين الخطوط وتتداخل وتنحني على بعضها في انسجام مما يضفي على التصميم روح الأناقة والكبرياء. ويعتمد البحث الحالي على الفكر التجريبي القائم على العلاقات التشكيلية بين الأبيض والأسود في تصميم النوتان كلونين لهما طبيعة خاصة، وعلى علاقات خطية وظلية لإيجاد نظم إيقاعية بحلول متنوعة مما يسهم في إبداع صيغ تشكيلية جديدة مع محاولة التوصل إلى رؤي تشكيلية مستحدثة قائمة على العلاقة بين الأبيض والأسود في فن النوتان، وذلك للاستفادة من فن النوتان وتأثيرات الأبيض والأسود في تصميم طباعة أقمشة التأثيث المعاصرة، حيث يمكن من خلالها ابتكار مجموعة من التصميمات المعاصرة القابلة للتطبيق في مجال تصميم طباعة أقمشة التأثيث والتي لا يخلو منها أي فراغ داخلي لمسكن أو مؤسسة أيا كانت. وقد قسم البحث إلى عدة أجزاء مبتدءا بالتعريف بالبحث من خلال المقدمة، المشكلة، الأهداف، الأهمية، الحدود، الفروض، المنهجية، والمصطلحات، ثم التعرف على فن النوتان، ونشأته وبنيته التناغمية، وكذلك استخدامات فن النوتان، وأهميته، وكيفية تنفيذ تصميمات النوتان، ثم التعرض لأساليب تنفيذ فن النوتان، والتقنيات المستخدمة فيه، والعلاقة بينه وبين فن الضوء، وكذلك الفرق بين فن النوتان والخداع البصري، ومميزات فن النوتان، ودلالات الأبيض والأسود في التصميم، والاستفادة من كل ذلك لابتكار وإبداع تصميمات تصلح لطباعة أقمشة التأثيث المعاصرة مصحوبة بالتحليل الفني لكل تصميم متبوعا بنموذج توظيفي مقترح، ثم نتائج البحث، المناقشة، التوصيات، والمراجع.
|b Background and Problem: The art of Notan is one of the ancient and deep-rooted arts. This art depends basically on the both elements; light and dark, where these two elements are placed beside each other with purpose of design a shape. The word “Notan” originally is a Japanese word. This word consists of two syllables. The first No (Nu) means the faint or pale. The second tan (tan) which means the degree of intensity, darkness and depth. So, it means the interaction between light and darkness, and also means the relationship between positive (shape) and negative (emptiness) and achieving a balance between both of them. Black and white (Notan art) is an ancient art whose techniques are multiple in addition to it is expressive and purposeful. The lines soften, overlap and bend over each other in harmony, which gives the design a spirit of elegance and pride. The current research depends on experimental thought based on the plastic relations between white and black in the design of Notan as two colors have special nature in addition to linear and shadowing relations to find rhythmic systems with various solutions. This, in turn, contributes to creation of new plastic formulas in addition to attempt to reach new plastic visions based on the relationship between white and black In the art of Notan. This may benefit in taking advantage of the art of Notan and the effects of black and white in designing of printed upholstery contemporary furnishing fabrics. It enables us to have a possibility to create a group of contemporary designs applicable in the field of designing printed upholstery of furnishing fabrics, where there is an internal space for a dwelling or institution whatsoever.
|b The research problem could be summarized in the scarcity of studies, research and references dealing with the art of Notan, as well as this trend was not taken advantage of as a source of inspiration and the use of its forms in the design of printing furnishing fabrics despite of its aesthetic and plastic values. Also we can benefit from the art of Notan, which is reflected in the artistic vision of the creation Designs suitable for printing contemporary furnishing fabrics, and the need of the furnishing fabric printing market for more innovative designing ideas that can be inspired by the art of Notan. Objectives: The research aims to identify the art of Notan and increase awareness of it, in addition to study the aesthetic and functional values that can be achieved through the color contrast between black and white in the techniques of the Notan art, as well as finding new plastic solutions derived and inspired by the study of the Notan art in order to achieve distinct aesthetic values for the design of contemporary printing furnishing fabrics, as well as printing some design models by means of digital printing as applied forms of research. Significance: The importance of the research could be found at studying the distinctive features and characteristics of the Notanart in addition to identify its various forms. Also this research can present new design visions in the field of designing the printing of contemporary furnishing fabrics derived from the art of Notan also emphasizing the pivotal role of the textile printing designer in the work that aims to meet the market needs of printed furnishing fabrics inspired by the art of Notan which are suitable to public taste. Delimitations: The study is limited with time limits represented at the second half of the nineteenth century, which is the period of the spread and development of the Notan art until the present century. The spatial limits include benefiting from the Notan art as a rich art and adapting it to create design of printing contemporary furnishing fabrics in the Arab Republic of Egypt. The objective limits include study of Notan art, identify its multiple forms, study its distinctive features and characteristics, and study the aesthetic and functional values that can be achieved through color contrast between black and white in the techniques of Notan art in addition to invent designs suitable for printing contemporary furnishing fabrics inspired by the art of Notan. Hypothesis: The research assumes that the study of Notan art, with its values and aesthetics, can be an important source that leads to creation of designs suitable for printing contemporary furnishing fabrics. Also, the study of the art of Notan can be a new idea worthy of being included in research and studies of the art of textile printing design in general and the field of design and printing of furnishing fabrics in particular. The art of Notan can add a new vision to the design of printed furnishing fabrics that meet the needs of our times. Methodology: The research is based on the descriptive analytical approach to describe and analyze some of the features and characteristics related to the art of Notan. The applied method, in which technical and applied experiments are conducted to create the design of printing furnishing fabrics inspired by the art of Notan with a modern vision.
|b Results: The research concluded that the study of Notan art with its values and aesthetics of shade and light as a phenomenon that has a high creative value is an important source leads to creation of designs suitable for printing contemporary furnishing fabrics. Also, the study of Notan art is a new idea and worthy of being included in research and studies of the arts of textile printing design in general and the field of design and printing furnishing fabrics in particular. The art of Notan can add a new vision to the design of printed furnishing fabrics that meet the needs of our times. The study was also able to invent (8) design ideas that are suitable for printing contemporary furnishing fabrics of all kinds inspired by the art of Notan in addition to create (32) Employment proposals to employ design ideas to be suitable as furniture upholstery fabrics and printed bedspreads, and also some of the design were printed models numbered (3) samples applied to search models by means of digital printing. Recommendations: The research recommends that it is necessary to conduct more studies, research and scientific literature dealing with the art of Notan in addition to provide more information and sufficient awareness of the Notan art. Also it can use it as a source of inspiration in many fields, and holding art exhibitions to spread the culture of different arts, especially the art of Notan.
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