| المستخلص: |
Biomass is a very versatile energy resource, while it can be converted to biofuel, it can also be used as alternative renewable resources to fossil fuels in the production of bio products, such as plastics, fertilizers, industrial chemicals, and many other products. These "bioproducts" can be produced alongside biofuels at an integrated biorefinery. This strategy offers more efficient, cost-effective, and integrated approach to the utilization of biomass resources in Arab countries. The emergence of lignocellulosic biorefineries (LBRs) over the past decades has shown tremendous potential for the development of sustainable renewable resources. It can help in meeting energy needs and protecting the environmental. Around the year, availability of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) with affordable price is a major factor in the development of biorefineries. It consists primarily of sugar polymers (cellulose and hemicellulose) and lignin, which can be used to produce second-generation (2G) biofuels such as bioethanol, biohydrogen, biobutanol, and renewable chemicals like lactic acid, and succinic acid. However, biochemicals and even biofuels have not achieved the desired commercial goals due to a lack of feasibility and a lack of innovative techniques for bioprocessing or genetic engineering. Inappropriate feedstock logistics and lack of accurate life-cycle analyses of processes/ products were also major drawbacks in developing commercially viable technologies from lignocellulosic biomass, LCB. In this study, recent technological advancement in lignocellulosic biorefineries, the current bio-renewable commercialization situation, and the intrinsic role of biorefinery in producing bio-plastic have been elucidated.
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