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|a تطورت الصوناته لتصبح أهم القوالب الموسيقية على الإطلاق، فهي ذات قالب يشتمل على العرض والتفاعل وإعادة العرض والختام، ويشتمل على الحوار والدراما بالمقامات وجزئيات الألحان وتفاعلها ودراستها، ولذلك فقد أصبحت الحركة الأولى في كل من السيمفونية والكونشرتو والرباعي الوتري، بل وسائر الأعمال الموسيقية الكبرى الأخرى مثل الافتتاحية وسائر أشكال موسيقى الحجرة (الثلاثي- الرباعي- الخماسي- السداسي.. الخ) أصبحت تكتب من قالب الصوناته. وهنا يجب علينا أن نفرق بــ"قالب السوناته" وبـ الصوناته كمقطوعة موسيقية مستقلة تستخدم "قالب الصوناته" أيضا في حركتها الأولى. فالسيمفونية مثلا وعلى وجه الخصوص "السيمفونية الكلاسيكية" هي عبارة عن صوناته مكتوبة للأوركسترا الكامل، بينما الصوناته تكتب بوجه عام لآلة البيانو، وكانت قبل وجود البيانو تكتب للآلات ذات لوحات المفاتيح مثل الكلافيكورد- الهاربسيكورد وهي التي تطور عنها البيانو قبل منتصف القرن الثامن عشر والصوناتا من الصيغ الموسيقية المهمة في التأليف الموسيقي وقد مرت هذه الصيغة مراحل تطور عدة وبدأ قالب الصوناتا يأخذ أسلوبا موسيقيا وقالبا وهيكل بنائي في القرن الثامن عشر، ثم أخذ قالب الصوناتا في التوسع على يد كلا من موتسارت وبيتهوفن، فكانت الصوناتا في العصر الكلاسيكي تعني نوعا من التأليف الجاد الطابع الذي يتكون من ثلاث أو أربع حركات متباينة السرعة، أما في العصر الرومانتيكي كان هنا كمحاولات للخروج عن الشكل لقالب الحركة الأولى.
|b The sonnet, the second part, developed, such as the opening and the forms of chamber shapes (triple, quadruple, quintet, sextet...etc.) that became written from the sonnet form. Here we must differentiate the sonnet form and the sonnet as an independent piece of music that uses the sonnet form also in its first movement. The symphony, for example, and in particular the “Old Symphony” is a sonnet written for the full orchestra, while the sonnet is written for the piano, and before the existence of the piano it was written for instruments with keyboards such as the piano before the eighteenth century. And thirdly, in the eighteenth century, and the sonata template began to expand in growth, a period of time, a period of growth, and a period of growth of serious composition, which consists of three or four movements of varying speed, but in the romantic era, it was here as attempts to deviate from the form of the first movement template. The sonata template continues to expand with the increasing hand of Haydn (1732-1809) (Mozart Mozart (1756-1791) and Beethoven (1770- 1827)) in including their two sons with different personality traits in composing each of them. The sonata in the classics means a kind of serious composition that consists of three or four movements of varying speed, personality, and structural formula. As for the sonata in the romantic era, it adhered to the formal formation of movements and the contrast between their speeds. Despite that, there were attempts to deviate from the form of the template of the first movement. It took on the nature of sublimeness, delicacy, expression, and portrayal of the author, and the twentieth century came with different and distinct features of the author of the sonata. Among the authors of this era who were interested in writing, th e authorship was submitted by the authors Lowel Liebermann, which was obtained by the researcher for the subject of the research because of its high technical and artistic value. Research problem: The research problem lies in the limitation of the position of the piano instrument course at the postgraduate stage in the Faculty of Education - Aswan University to the classical and romantic sonata compositions; Although there were piano sonatas in the twentieth century that contained instrumental techniques suitable for postgraduate students, including in the development of instrumental skills. research aims:- - Determining the most important modern techniques in Lowell Lieberman's Piano Sonata. - A good deal for a good performance of Lowell Lieberman's Piano Sonata. - Determining the difficulties in playing the piano and the instructions and instructions to overcome them, which were included in Lowell Lieberman's piano sonata, which he gained during some exercises and instructions. research importance:- Presenting an artistic study that introduces the artistic features of Lowell Lieberman's Piano Sonata; Good picture of good performance and outstanding performance. For the piano students to benefit from it through interesting compositions. questions - What are the characteristics of Lowell Lieberman's style in composing the piano sonata? - What are the instrumental techniques included in Lowell Lieberman's Piano Sonata No. 2, Op. 10? - What and some strumming exercises and tips for playing the pian
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