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The current research aims to determine the extent of the impact of thermal distortions on the performance of hydraulic systems, which is considered an important topic in the fields of hydraulic and mechanical engineering. Thermal distortions result in changes in the physical properties of hydraulic system components due to temperature fluctuations. This effect includes variations in the viscosity of hydraulic oil, expansion or contraction of components, changes in system pressure, increased wear and corrosion, and alterations in the efficiency of pumps and hydraulic motors. Hydraulic oil serves as a vital medium for energy and motion transmission in hydraulic systems, and temperature variations can significantly affect its viscosity. For instance, at low temperatures, the oil tends to increase in viscosity, leading to increased flow resistance, while at high temperatures, a decrease in oil viscosity may reduce efficiency and increase leakage. Thermal expansion and contraction of components can also lead to issues such as pressure fluctuations and leaks, impacting the stability and performance of hydraulic systems. Therefore, studying and evaluating the impact of thermal distortions on hydraulic systems require the use of advanced techniques and methods to ensure efficient and effective operation under various working conditions and temperature ranges. In addition to the mentioned effects, thermal distortions can also affect the performance of hydraulic systems by increasing the likelihood of corrosion in components exposed to oil. High temperatures can accelerate chemical and electrochemical corrosion processes in metals, leading to performance degradation and increased maintenance intervals. Furthermore, thermal distortions may cause changes in the properties of materials used in hydraulic systems, resulting in alterations in their flexibility and strength, thereby increasing the likelihood of mechanical failure in affected components. The research yielded several findings focused on overcoming the effects of thermal distortions. This includes designing hydraulic systems using advanced materials with mechanical properties capable of withstanding temperature variations effectively, along with employing cooling or heating techniques to maintain appropriate temperatures within the system.
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