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يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة الصيغ المختلفة لاسم الفاعل في الجعزية والأمهرية مبينين اشتقاقه من الفعل في أنماط مختلفة في كل الجعزية والأمهرية. يتحقق البحث أيضا من التغييرات الصوتية في اللغتين من حيث الجنس والعدد، أخيرا أوجه الاختلاف وأوجه الشبة بين اللغتين. وبالإضافة إلى ذلك، فإنه سيتم توضيح العلاقة النحوية بين اللغتين، وكذلك العلاقة بين هاتين اللغتين للسامية. تناقش هذه الورقة اسم الفاعل في اللغتين الجعزية والأمهرية، مع التركيز على هذه النقاط: ١- بناء اسم الفاعل في اللغتين. 2- الجنس والعدد في اسم الفاعل في باللغتين 3- معنى ووظيفة اسم الفاعل في اللغتين. ثم عرض للاستنتاجات منها: الجعزية تمتلك أكثر من صيغة لاسم الفاعل، في حين أن الأمهرية تمتلك صيغة واحدة فقط يتكرر في كل الجذور. يشتق اسم الفاعل في الجعزية من الأفعال التي تحتوي على حروف الحلق أو حروف العلة دون أي تغيير لفظي، في حين أنه في اللغة الأمهرية، تحدث تغيرات صوتية مع بعض الحروف الساكنة (الدال، النون، التاء) عندما يلتقي مع المورفيم النهائي لاسم الفاعل المنتهي بحرف علة. أخيرا يجب دراسة اللغة الجعزية كخلفية للغة الأمهرية. ثم قائمة بالمصادر والمراجع.
The aim of this paper is to study the different forms of the present participle, or the verbal noun, in Ge'ez and Amharic languages showing its formation from the verb in various styles in both Ge'ez and Amharic. The paper will also investigate the phonetic changes in languages, the gender and the numbers and finally, the differences and the similarities in the two languages. In addition, it will clarify the grammatical connection between the two languages, as well as the relation of these two languages to the Semitic. The study of the Present Participle presents to the investigator of syntactical constructions an especially large and fertile field. The present participle has a great variety of uses ranging from the settled meaning of a noun up to the activity of the verb. The Participle refers to a word derived from a verb and used as an adjective or a noun, and there is 'present' and 'past' participle, which signifies the one who does (the Agent). Moreover, it is the "description is indicative of active, ongoing movements present tense". These participles are inflected for gender, number and case. Arabic participles are employed syntactically in a variety of ways: as nouns, as adjectives or even as verbs. Their uses vary across varieties of Arabic. In general the active participle describes a property of the syntactic subject of the verb from which it is derived, while the passive participles describe the object. The participle is built in all Semitic languages with pattern: fāčil, and becomes in Ethiopic with pattern: fā'əl, however, disyllables with long vowels or diphthong in the first syllable (qābir), of these patterns usually have the function of an active participle and are widespread throughout the Semitic languages. Lastly, the present participle is one of the most important morphological and grammatical derivations, and its importance is due to its frequent use. Moreover, the present participle looks like the subjunctive form either in its formula or its meaning". encloses a whole period between subject and verb". This paper will be discussing the present or active participle in both languages; Ge'ez and Amharic, concentrating on these points: 1- The structure of the present participle in the two languages. 2- The gender and number of the present participle in both languages 3- The meaning and use of the present participle in both languages The paper will depend on the Bible; Old Testament and New Testament. In the Abyssinian kingdom once flourished the language commonly called Ethiopic, it gained, through the tribe by which it was spoken, the position of being the leading speech in the kingdom, starting from their country of Tigre and its chief town Axum, and keeping pace with the development of the land lived on alongside of it merely as vulgar dialects. The Amharic came into fashion as the ordinary speech of the court and of the officials of the country, but Ethiopic even then continued to retain its full importance as the literary language. So Ge'ez is considered the mother language for the rest languages in Ethiopia; Amharic, Tigre, Tigrinya. Ge'ez, as it is known, is a Semitic language, while Amharic, Tigre, Tigrinya are penetrated by Cochic elements, therefore they are not considered a pure Semitic. Although, there is who considers Amharic is a Semitic language. Amharic is the main language of the central highlands of Ethiopia and is official for the Ethiopian state we can date this importance to the restoration of the Solomonic dynasty in 1270, and Ge'ez, the Latin of Ethiopia, was preserved and used from when this Dark Age began, in about 800 A.D. to the present day. From about 1270 on the language of the court was Amharic, and thus it gradually gained in status when the military camp at the site of Addis Ababa in the old kingdom of Shoa was chosen as the new capital. Amharic replaced Ge'ez entirely in administration; though full of Ge'ez words and phrases. However, in its present state it is lacking in some characteristic Semitic features and those which it displays give one the impression of having been superimposed on an alien basis. In regard to the construction of the sentence, while Semitic languages co-ordinate phrases, Amharic subordinates them and, readily encloses a whole period between subject and verb.
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