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Illegal immigration is a problem that presents a big challenge for many countries globally. From the border of the United States and Mexico to the Mediterranean Sea, many countries are grappling with the problem of increased numbers and different forms of illegal immigration. Just like drug trafficking, illegal immigration has turned into a complex net of illegal immigrants and transport cartels. (George Steiner, 2013. 53). This paper aimed to find out the role of the smugglers outside and inside Libya, and how they organized the journey to Europe via Libya, i believes that the majority of illegal migrants dealt with specific individuals whether they arrived alone or in groups, how they determined who the smugglers were and whether the smugglers were all Libyans or of different nationalities, and how they dealt with the migrants. This research aims to shed light on the illegal immigrants temporarily residing in and passing through Libya from neighboring countries such as the eastern Africa routes and will look at routes and methods of migration, we also would go through the routes of the Niger and then will look at the living conditions while they are traveling with little food and water in the desert facing hanger and gangs on their way especially children and women and I will see the cost money that have to pay for the journey, and also would focus on the routes to the EU. In particular, it tracks the journeys of refugees, asylum-seekers from African countries to the ultimate destination of the EU. While focusing on the experiences of life in Libya and on the hardships and the conditions of the journey to the EU, i also seeks to address the camps for migrants in Libya and their types and where it distributes in Libya and the nationalities they are in it. Consequently, there are intervention measures necessary for Libya, the EU and international community to mitigate negative effects of this social phenomenon, and I will conclude with an attempt to provide a set of proposals and recommendations in the end of this research.
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