| المستخلص: |
The current study aims to address the issue of remittances in the context of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals and the Global Compact for Migration 2018 to identify the opportunities and challenges that facing this issue to produce results that benefit in building of evidence-based policies in this field. the results of the study can be summarized as follows: 1- Increasing the total number of Egyptians residing abroad from 6,011,564 at the end of 2013, and this number continued to rise until it reached 11,176,522 at the end of 2021. 2- Most of Egyptian migrants have resided abroad in Arab countries, where their number reached 7,124,038, at the end of 2021. Followed by the Americas, where the number reached 2,174,743, followed by residents of European countries, 1,640,460, then Asian countries and Australia, 183,060 Finally, the African region, where the number of Egyptians reached 54,221. 3- The United States of America, the European Union, the United Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia are among the largest senders of remittances. On the other hand, the five largest countries benefiting from these flows are India, China, Mexico, the Philippines, and Egypt. 4- Egypt ranks fifth in the world with ($32 billion) in terms of the volume of remittances that sent to it from abroad, after India ($89 billion), Mexico ($54 billion), China ($53 billion), and Philippines ($37 billion). and Pakistan came in sixth place with ($31 billion) in 2021. 5- Egypt ranked first in terms of the volume of remittances in sub- Saharan Africa and the Middle East and North Africa region; the volume of remittances has been 31.5 billion. Followed by Nigeria, 19.2 billion. While Iraq came in last place, as the volume of remittances from its citizens residing abroad reached half a billion dollars in 2021. 6- The volume of remittances of Egyptian migrants as precentage from GDP has represented 7.8% in 2020/2021. 7- The highest regions in terms of the cost of sending remittances ($200) during the fourth quarter of 2020 compared to the same quarter of 2021; Sub-Saharan Africa had an average of (8.2%) and (7.8%), East Asia and the Pacific, (6.9%) and (5.9%), As for the Middle East and North Africa region- includes Egypt- it has reached to (6.6%) in the fourth quarter of 2020 and decreased very slightly to become 6.4% in the fourth quarter of 2021. 8- Egyptians’ remittances witnessed a noticeable decline during the first quarter of 2022/2023, reaching $6.4 billion, compared to the same quarter during the previous year (2021/2022), which amounted to $8.1 billion (a decrease of 20.9%). This may be due to the high levels of inflation and living conditions, fluctuations in the exchange rate after the corona period, also because of the difficult economic conditions that all countries suffer from because of the Russian-Ukrainian war, which resulted in the remittances of migrants to their families and their families being less than usual.
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