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The research deals with the idea of religion among the French thinker and orientalist Ernest Renan, how he approached it, and what are the intellectual and religious influences that contributed to shaping his vision of religion. Renan is considered a representative of the nineteenth-century thinkers who led a fierce campaign against inherited religion, the priesthood, and ecclesiastical control over Europe throughout the Middle Ages. Their vision was a mixture of historical criticism and a feverish enthusiasm for science in exchange for religion, to the point that some of them, like Renan, declared modern science the religion of the modern era. During the research, I tried to answer several important questions: What are the origins of Renan’s idea of religion? How did the German philosophical school known as the Hegelian Left, whose most famous representatives were Feuerbach, Marx and Engels, influence the vision of French thinkers towards what is known as the humanization of religion? I presented a critical chapter on Renan's view of religion and his position on religion in general and on Islam in particular.
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