| المستخلص: |
تهدف الدراسة إلى إيضاح بعض الوسائل التي يستخدمها جورج برنارد شو (1856- 1950) في مسرحياته والتي تساعد في إظهار روح الدعابة والسخرية فيها، وتم اختيار ثلاث مسرحيات لهذا العرض وهي: (الإنسان والإنسان المتفوق) و (الأسلحة والإنسان) و (كانديدا). هذه المسرحيات تتناول مواضيع اجتماعية حساسة بروح الدعابة والسخرية. إن تلك الروح عند برنارد شو لتصدم القارئ باحتمالات غير متوقعة لكن الأخير يكشف من خلال النص المسرحي أن هذه الاحتمالات أكثر صدقا مما يتوقع.
This study aims at showing some devices, which George Bernard Shaw (18561950) uses in his plays, that help in clarifying his sense of humor. Three plays have been chosen for that purpose; they are (Man and Superman), (Candida) and (Arms and the Man). The plays tackle some social sensitive affairs with Shaw’s sense of humor. This manipulation of humor shocks the reader with unexpected possibilities. Nevertheless, the reader discovers upon reading the text that these possibilities are more real than reality itself. One cannot help being impressed by the humor and wit of the Restoration drama represented by playwrights like William Congreve(1670-1729) and George Farquhar(1678-1707)which lead to trace these features in the comedies of the second half of the nineteenth century and the early decades of the twentieth century, which are fairly charged with witty humors, particularly in Oscar Wilde’s and Shaw’s poignant plays. It is not this article’s concern to affirm the fact that Bernard Shaw has been greatly influenced by the humor of the Restoration drama, nor to make a contrastive study of the sense of humor of the Restoration drama and the Victorian or the Modern ages. Nevertheless, it is found that Bernard Shaw is no less, or may be, even more proficient in his use of humor than the great playwrights of the Restoration age. The current study particularly aims at looking for the devices which Shaw uses in his plays and showing how they contribute to his sense of humor. Three plays have been chosen for that purpose, for their poignant wit and humorous tackling of sensitive social affairs. The plays are Arms and the Man 1894, Candida 1894 and Man and Superman 1901-03. This does not mean that Shaw’s other plays are less witty; in fact, one has to choose among the plays. This could mean that the findings in this research are applicable to his other plays. Shaw’s witty humor startles the reader/spectator into unexpected possibilities, which on reflection may be found reasonable. His dramatic technique throughout relies on startling; comic surprise replaces the tensions, suspense and expectancies of tragedy.
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