| المستخلص: |
The study overviewed the trend of women’s participation in government, business and public sectors in Egypt during 1990-2003. The objectives of the study are: • Studying the development of women participation in the government and public sectors according to the economic sector during 1990-2003. • Identifying the women’s participation by ministry in 2003. • Identifying the women’s participation by governorate during 1990-2003. • Identifying the women’s participation by the management positions during 1990-2003. • Identifying the women’s participation according to the economic sectors and financial degrees durig 1990- 2003. • Identifying the women’s participation by educational status during 1990-2003. • Identifying the women’s participation in public sector, who are involved in missions, fellowships and holidays during 1989-2002. The study revealed that: 1. The participation of women in the government sector (25%) is higher compared to the business and public sectors (12%) in 2003. 2. Women’s participation in the government sector declined from 29% to 26% during 1990-2003. This because the employment of new graduates from secondary and higher education by the Ministry of Manpower was stopped since 1985. Also, women’s participation in the business and public sectors has declined slightly from 12.3% to 12% during 1990-2003. This is primarily due to adjustment policy and privatization since 1990’s. 3. Women’s participation in the government sector differs according to the economic sector. The proportion of female workers in 2003 was reached to 47% from total workers in the tourism sector, 45% from total workers in the insurance and social affairs, and about 36% from total workers in the educational, research and youth sector. With respect to the business and public sector, women represented about 34% from total workers in the health, social and religious services in 2003, and by about 23% from total workers in financial and economic sector. • The proportion of women workers increased in some ministries. About half of the workers in the Ministry of Health and Population and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs are females. The proportion of working women in the Ministry of Planning was 46.8%, 45.4% in the Ministry of insurance and Social affairs. The lowest proportion of working women was in the Ministry of Endowment (0.2%), the Ministry of Petroleum (0.4%), Ministry of justice (0.5%) and Ministry of communication and information (0.5%), • The highest participation of women in the government, business and public sectors in 2003 are in Port Said governorate (46.2%), Damietta (45.5%) and Suez (36.7%). • More than one third of working women in the government, and public sectors are in clerks jobs, in specialists jobs (34.8%) and in technicians jobs (32.3%) in 2003. • With respect to women’s participation in high Management positions in government and public sector, woman represents 100% as a Minister of Insurance and Social Affairs, and 5.9% as a Minister of Presidential Services sector in 2003. Women’s share in General manager position increased in all sectors during 1990- 2003. In the Insurance and Social Affairs sector, the proportion of women as a general manager increased from, 9.7% in 1990 to 47.6% in 2003, and increased from 22.2% in 1990 to 54.2% in the Culture and Information sector. Women’s share in other senior positions as Excellent, High and First degrees, increased in the Insurance and Social Affairs sector, Education and Research sector, Culture and Information sector and Tourism sector during the same period. • Working women in the government and public sectors have higher educational level compared to working men during 1995-2003. About 72.3% of working women in the government and public sector have at least intermediate certificate against 48.4% for working men. In addition, 43.7 of working men haven’t an}' certificate, against to 20.7% of working women. • The proportion of working women in public sector who are in missions outside the country, increased from 3.4% in 1989 to 16.2% in 2002. Also, the proportion of those who participate in internal fellowships increased from 16.5% to 40% during the same period.
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