| المستخلص: |
Introduction: It is undisputed that addressing the problem of employment and unemployment in Egypt requires a framework of an integrated economic and social policies and in order to develop such a framework has to be the availability of accurate data and appropriate monitor the situation of unemployment and employment in Egypt, this study is to try to monitor the labor market indicators in Egypt in the period (1997-2008). Objectives of the study: This study aims to: 1- Identifying the size and characteristics of the labor force and unemployment and annual growth rate during the period (1997- 2008). 2- Calculate the crude activity rates were revised to identify the contribution of different age groups in economic activity. 3- Study characteristics of those employed according to sections of main occupations, economic activity, place of residence and type. 4- Identifying the proportion of participants in the social security according to the state of stability in employment, educational status and type. The main finding of the study: 1- The percentage of workers holding legal 36.1% (34.1% males, 44.2% females), and increase to more than 75% for highly qualified and up. This ratio closer for both males and females in 2008. 2- The percentage of participants in Social Security, about 45% of the total employed and converge this ratio for both males and females in 2008. 3- More than 30% of the total umber of employees, in the agricultural sector and fishing followed by workers in manufacturing and trade. 4- The unemployment rate increase from 8.4% in 1997 to 8.7% in 2008. The unemployment rate rose for males from 5.2% to 5.6%, while for females declined from 19.8% to 19.3% during the years 1997& 2008. 5- The age group (20-24 years) was the highest unemployment rate in 1997 when it reached 26.1% and rose to 27% in 2008, followed by age group (15-19 years), where the unemployment rate was 21.8% in 2008. 6- Percentage of unemployed for less than a year reach to 15% of the total unemployed, and about 44% of them unemployed for a period ranging between 1-2 years. The rest of the unemployed (41%) is unemployed for more than two years, as more further periods of unemployment for females compared to males. 7- The highest percentage, of the unemployed because there is no work at all (46.5%) and because of the existence of an appropriate qualification (29.7%). This also applies to males and females. As an increasing proportion of the unemployed due to lack of suitable business qualified high educational level. Recommendations: 1- Linking education output to the demand side in the labor market. 2- Expansion of transformational training for graduates to match the requirements of the labor market 3- The expansion of small and micro enterprises to the new graduates of male and female. 4- The loans from the Social Fund for those interested with the expansion to include all regions of Egypt, even gradually. 5- Encourage the philosophy of manual labor and the concept of self-employment among young people, rather than their insistence on research and work in the office work. 6- Continue and expand youth ownership of agricultural land reclaimed with training courses in agriculture and manufacturing production.
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