| المستخلص: |
The Importance of the Study The problem of illiteracy has the right to deserve attention in order to address the males and females in different organizations (governmental and civil) and give them the highest priority in national plans with long¬ term policy trying to eradicate illiteracy and keeping pace with the world in a time of knowledge and global competition. The main finding of the study The aim of this study was to focus mainly on examining the illiteracy Issue and the educational situations in Egypt. The data reveals a clear improvement in reducing the levels of illiteracy among females which is even higher than that observed for males. 1- Illiteracy level among females was 51% in 1996 and dropped to 37% in 2006. For males, it decreased from 29% to 22% respectively during the same period. Illiteracy level among female rural areas is much higher than among urban areas. For rural areas the percentage decreased from 63.22% in 1996 to 47.15% in 2006 as compared to 36.39% and 27.38% for rural males during the same period. 2- The study also show in 2006 census that, it is rated that for age group (10-19) years, the percent of non-educated was (6.7% for malel0.0% for female) while in contrast; the percent of non-¬educated women at age group (50-59) older age was (40.6% for male, 70.3% for female) which reflect higher illiteracy levels at older age group than younger age group. 3- Moreover, female in urban areas are more educated than those from rural areas. The percentage of female who have completed higher education in urban was 13.9% compare to 3.3% in rural areas. However, there is a gap still in all educational level and between geographic areas in Egypt. 4- The upper governorates have the highest rate of illiteracy especially in Menya governorate, (rural areas) where reached 61.5 % 1996 and 45.7% in 2006. However the highest rate of illiteracy in the frontier governorate in Matrouh was 60.50% in rural 1996 and 48.5 % in 2006. Recommendations Based on the preceding discussion, several recommendation can be introduced for eradicate illiteracy in order to participate in a much more effective way for achieving economic and social growth and progress. Thus recommendation revolves around the following issues: 1- The government policies have to promote more efforts to enforce compulsory education to implement large-scale adult education in order to eradicate illiteracy on a national basis. 2- Stressing on the necessity of promoting female cultural background by redacting their illiteracy developing adult education programs by encouraging girls to remain in school on equal footing with boys since education in the base for learning about their rights, responsibilities and duties toward society and family. 3- More efforts should be carried out to decrease out the phenomenon of females drop-out from basic education stages especially in rural parts of Upper Egypt and slum areas in cities. 4- Upgrade female characteristics through eradicate illiteracy, raise their educational level, and increase their participation in economic activities and delaying the marriage age. 5- The high illiteracy ratio of females especially in rural areas, their lack of awareness and ignorance of their rights, thus attention should be paid to the rural areas.
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