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The 25 January date is considered a distinct shift in the Palestinian movement and the future of the Palestinian political system. The changes were produced by the second parliamentary elections in Palestine, where the Hamas movement received the majority of the Legislative Council seats (74), and which led to a reformulation of the Palestinian political map and shake up of the balance of forces in the Palestinian arena. Hamas won the mandate to become the next elected Palestinian government and now has the responsibility for providing solutions for the burdens of the Palestinian Authority accumulated over the last decade. The elections signaled the retreat of Fatah to second place after dominating the Palestinian political leadership in the last four decades, controlling all three branches of government, the executive, legislative and judicial authorities. The researcher sheds light on the new Palestinian political system after the second parliament elections, showing the changing relations in the balance of forces and emphasizing the political conditions that prevailed during the polls. But the study was forward looking as well, concentrating on different issues facing Hamas, especially its relationship with the Palestinian Liberation Organization, its relationship to the Palestinian Presidency, the Islamic view to the prevailing political, social and economic situations, and finally how the new government looks to the international community, and wants to establish links with it. The research addressed the reasons for the Fatah retreat and the nature of the relationship between it and the new government while analyzing what happened to the Palestinian left and its failure to become a credible alternative either to Hamas or to the Fatah movement. Such analysis however must be seen in its totality, relaying on a social formation that influenced the political authority and affected social forces and civil society institutions, women organizations and student movements in the Palestinian arena which in turn impacted the second legislative elections on a large scale.
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