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The report talks about Somalia's complicated issue, its unity and independence from British and Italian colonization, and its aspiration to unify all of the country's five provinces where one people of the same language and religion live. Somalia was divided into zones ruled by militias, cliques and even bandits, suffering from a seething and bleedy civil war. No one party was able to control the capital, Mogadishu, during the 1990s and until the early 2006, in spite of efforts by international and regional organizations, and neighboring countries. As a result of those efforts, however, a provisional government, a parliament and a constitution were set up and created, but both institutions remained in exile for reasons stated in the report. The report reveals international support for the Somali warlords and the so-called Coalition for Peace and Fighting Terrorism against the emerging power of the 'Sharieh Courts' movement which was established as an initiative by some popular committees, religious scholars and businessmen. Those efforts and powers united to form the Sharieh Courts Union which has been able to win popular support and now control most of Somalia. In addition, the report talks about the nature of Ethiopia's role and intervention in Somali affairs, its occupation of the Ogadin province since the 19th century, and its support for the provisional government. Muslims constitute the majority among Ethiopia's people who suffer under the rule of an authoritative minority. The conflict in Somalia, now, is mainly between two players, 'Sharieh Courts' with no foreign support, and the poor provisional power which enjoys international backing for all parties to share in an open dialogue under Arab-African and UN auspices, in addition to serious world community support to reconstruct Somalia.
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