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This study has investigated the trends of infant and under five age mortality and as well as major cause of death. The study depended on the data from vital statistics during the period 2006-2011. The main Findings: The study showed high mortality rates of male than female for each of the infants and under-five age in general during the period (2006- 2010). 1. Infant mortality and under five age represent low rate for both sexes during the period (2006- 2010) at 20 per thousand for males, 18 per thousand for females in year (2006) dropped to 17 per thousand for males, 16 per thousand for females in year (2010). 2. High rates of infant and under five years among females than males in the governorates Fayoum. Minya and Qena. opposite of the rest governorates. 3. The highest decline in the infant mortality rate in the governorates of Suez and Assiut. Sohag and Luxor by between V- a per thousand during 4. The highest decline in of infant mortality rate shows in the governorates Suez. Sohag. Luxor and Minya (-40%, -29%, -28%, -25%) respectively and less rate of decline appeared in the Behaira (-94%), the New Valley and North Sinai (-T/) for each and high percentage in the governorate of Ismailia and Giza 5%, 2% each, respectively. 5. The highest decline percentage in the children under five age mortality rate appeared in the governorates Suez, Sohag and Minya (-31%, -29%, -26%), respectively, and less rate of decline in Ismailia (-2%), followed by Behera, Port Said (-4%) and Giza (-5%). 6. The high rate of change shows in Aswan, about (25%), in Matruh about (3%) and the New Valley (5%), 7. The percentage of deaths for respiratory system diseases, increased for females than males reached 29% for females compared to 27% for males in 2010, followed by diseases of the circulatory system about 17% for males and 16% for females and the lowest infant mortality rate represented in tumors diseases by 1% for both sexes. 8. The highest mortality rate for children under five due to respiratory system diseases for females was 28% versus 26% for males in 2010. 9. The causes that arise from the birth recordes 38% for males compared to 33% for females during the month of January, followed by diseases of the respiratory 2010, 24% for males compared to 22%, 23% for females in November and December, and diseases of the digestive system and diarrhea during the months (June-July-August) recorded (19%, 14%, 17%) respectively) for females compared to (16%, 14%, 13%) for males during the same period. 10. Infant mortality arising from pregnancy and birth recorded highest proportion of the resons for deaths in urban areas 42% for malesin June decrease to 27% in December in 2010 while it reached 38% in May for females decrease to 28% % in December in the same year. 11. In the rural, the diseases of the respiratory are recorded the highest infant mortality rate 30% for females in november. compared with 31% for males in December, the lowest perecentage was 18% in January for females versus 16% for males in the same month. 12. The pathogenic due to pregnancy and child birth ranked in rural the first cause of males mortality 40% in January, compared by 31% for females in the same month and the lowest was 19% for males in December compared to 16% in Novemper for females. Some Policy implication 1. Application of quality standards for health services and ensures access of childhood services in remote areas and the poor groups. 2. Extend the umbrella of health insurance to pregnancy women and after birth period. 3. Increasing numbers of health units and raise their efficiency in providing health services and modern technique to early detection of genetic diseases that lead to infant mortality.
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