| المستخلص: |
ابن الرومي، علي بن العباس بن جريج (221– 283 هـ)، أحد كبار شعراء العصر العباسي الثاني، كان معاصرا للبحتري، ولم تكن العلاقة بين الشاعرين طيبة دائما؛ ففي شعر ابن الرومي هجاء صريح للبحتري وانتقاص من قيمة شعره. وقد اشتهر الشاعران بفن "المديح"، غير أن تفوق ابن الرومي جاء من طريق آخر هو قدرته على رسم الصور وتوليد الأفكار ومنطقة المعاني، مما منح شعره خصوصية وامتدادا. قد ينسب هذا إلى عرقه اليوناني، كما قد ينسب إلى طابع الثقافة العربية بعد عصر المأمون. هذه الدراسة النقدية أثرت موضوعا يتجاوز المدح إلى الهجاء والوصف والرثاء؛ لأن محوره الغناء وأهله، وقد صنع ابن الرومي في هذا المحور قصائد ذات أنساق فريدة، مدح فيها القيان بغير ما تمدح به سيدات المجتمع صاحبات العلاقة بأهل السلطان، وكذلك أمر القيان في حال الهجاء، أو مرثيته في أحدي قيان العصر؛ إذ تفردت بمحتوي وتشكيل مثير للانتباه. فإذا قرأنا هذا الشعر في ضوء المنتج الحضاري نجد ما يدل على الثقافة الموسيقية ممتزجا بقدرة الشاعر على الوصف، وهي قدرة مشهود لها، كما نجد نزعته التهكمية في ذروتها وقسوتها حين لا يرتضي السماع أو المسموع. وقد استخدمنا في هذه الدراسة أسس المنهج الأسلوبي، مع الاعتماد على الإحصاء، وتحليل البنية الرأسية للنص، والأفقية للمنجز الشعري في حدود هذا الموضوع المحدد.
Ibn El-Rumy (Ali-Ben El-Abbas ben Goraieg) (22l-283.A.H), one of the great poets of the second Abbasid area , was contemporary with Al- Buhtory as well as his rival in panegerical poetry. This critical study focuses on investigating the following; 1.Laudatory Poems In praising singing women (concubines), Ibn El- Rumy demonstrates bis poetic skills by using various poetic devices such as analogy, antithesis, juxtaposition, assonance and rhyme. Describing their beauty and their singing, the fantastic qualities of the praised concubine are marvelously expressed by well-chosen diction, parallelism and other poetic deviees. Occasionally the poet shifts from praising to depicting philandering, flirting and amorous hints. Tackling these themes, Ibn El-Rumy pays special attention to the balance between meanings, poetic deviees and the musical pattern of his lines. 2.Singers described in other contexts While describing people of power and wealth, Ibn El- Rumy often includes lines that describe festivals and ceremonies which focus on features of elegance and luxury. In this context, he describes singing concubines. portraying their beauty and charming movements and melodies. In an 18 line poem he describes a beautiful garden, comparing it to a lovely girl who walks proudly to show off her ornamented garment. This celebrated poem also higlights the effects of colour, sound and smell in a way that confirms the poet’s awareness of the beauty of natural elements together with his knowledge of musical tones. Lamenting the tragic death of a concubine called Bustan (meaning "garden") in a 150 line poem., Ibn El-Rumy expresses his deep sorrow for her untimely death using a combination of various statements and poetic forms. He skillfully shifts from one image to another in verse that highlights her beauty, character and her artistic soul. 3.Satirical poems The majority of Ibn El-Rumy's poetry about singing and singers are satirical and represent 71.5 % of his poems, whereas 28.5 % arc laudatory. In his defamatory poems, Ibn El-Rumy was severe in satirizing certain concubines, exposing their follies and the bad qualities of their singing and character. This type of poetry had three aims: A- Disfiguring and making funny caricatures of these singers by magnifying their obvious and hidden physical defects. This satirical style is often exaggerated to reach degrees of banality and even degradation that occasionally comes close to pornography. B- Focusing on moral defects in a way that reveals the dark sides in the character of the satirized sinner or concubine. C- Portraying realistic aspects in a way that exceeds the commonly accepted forms of satire according to literary and moral standards. Combinations of the above mentioned aims are found in Ibn El-Rumy's satirical poems which occasionally go beyond satirizing a certain singer or concubine and manage to disfigure her image completely. Finally, concentrating on stylistic and statistical analyses of a considerable number of Ibn El-Rumy’s poems , this study has tried to reveal the main characteristics of his poetry.
|
