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The current paper studies the relations between Assyrian and the keldan tribes in the south of Babylon with the first Millinieum B.C In which one may find the name of Keldo Country that once mentioned in the annals of the Assyrian King Assur-nasir-apli 883- 859 B.C. His son, Sulmann-asared 858-824 B.C mentioned the tribes names that he fought then with the period 851-850 B.C from which he received the Sulmann-asared's achievements were eternally inscripted on the block oblisk and the gates of Balawat His successors proceeded in sending military campaigns to Babylon from which they received various tributes including minerals, precious stones and animals. Moreover, the king Tukulti-apil-esarra 745-727 B.C fought with Keldan tribes anew in 731 B.C and destroyed their towns. In the last years of his term he ascended on the Babylonian throne. As soon as Sarru-ken became a king 721-705 B.C he resisted the keldan insurgency and Ilam tribes, thus he entered Babylon again in 708 B.C. His son Sin-ahhi-eriba 704-681 B.C Followed his father's suit toward the Ilam-Keldan alliamce. He fought the keldan tribes sent military forces to Ilam and destroyed their country His successor, the king Assur-ahi-iddin 680-669 B.C followed another approach different from his father toward Babylon after he defeated some insurgencies. Similarly, the king Assur-bani-apil 668-626 B.C defeated the insurgency led by Samas-sum-ukin afterward he became the King of Babylon named as Kandalo. As soon as the Assyrian king died Nabe-Blaser exploited the chance and declared himself as a king on Babylon and made a coalition with Ki-Ehser Again the Assyrian state taken down in 612 B.C.
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