| المستخلص: |
Somalia lias witnessed a severe brutal colonial experience. It was under the occupation of three European states, namely Britain. France, and Italy. In addition to the occupation of Ojadeen region by Ethiopia which resulted in Somalia disruption causing the civil war to break out and affecting the unity of the ethnic groups inhabiting that region. After the overthrow of Seyad Berrys regime Somalia entered a state of chaos and non - state. Fighting among Somali movements started in order to control the land and to establish another state. However, the American scheme to disassemble Somalia has succeeded before toppling the regime itself. Moreover, the movements• fight has risen on a tribal basis driven by interest, not on a basic of a political agenda. This resulted in disassembling the county. As for the international and American intervention in Somalia the United Nations issued some resolutions that enabled the us miilitary intervention after two }-ears of toppling Seyad Benys regime as the Somalis entered in chaos and internal conflict over sharing control and influence on Somali land, and what followed of a devastating civil war and famine undergone by children, women and old people, particularly in the western and southern region. Conflict costs always remained bearable by the conflict parties, a matter that made a concession for a compromise un necessary. Conflict cost reached its peak under the American - International intervention. This resulted in a contradicting results, on the one hand high costs underline the ability of the conflicting groups to continue besides exhausting their material and human abilities. on the other hand conflict may lead to the point of no return. Moreover, Somali national reconciliation was characterized by the big number of states and organizations playing the role of the third party. This resulted in three negative consequences: the multiplicity of initiatives and their contradiction, the competition among regional powers and their contradiction, and the pursuance of the neighbouring states to affect the output of the Somali compromise process according to their interests. Finally, we can say that the issue has been associated with the special interests calculation for each party in the conflict when deciding about the available alternatives with regard to the compromise process and the national interest. \
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