| المستخلص: |
Titles have always been used to express peoples status- The term has many social, economic, political, cultural, and even religions denotations. Each Title has had specific significance both for family and social levels. The current study is conducted to investigate the Title "abu" as it plays a vital role in family, society, and the nature of life style of a specific country. The study is also know to trace back the roots of using it in ancient periods and the evolution of its linguistic denotations and derivations. The study has come up with the following conclusions: 1. The Title "abu" could be traced back to the age of "Early Dynastic period", Entimina reign, king of Lagaš in particular. The Title appeared in the form "E.DA.DA" which means the house of the father. 2. The Title "abu" also appeared In various forms in Sumerian language such as "AD, AB. DA, AD, A, A.BA". All of them have one meaning in Akkadian: Father. The Title, father, is derived from "fatherhood11 which was also used in Akkadian in the form of "abbūtu". 3. The term "abu" is also used to denote a "relative relationship" as It was used in the form of "A.A" in Sumerian language whose Akkadian synonym is "ab-abi" to mean a grandfather or ancestor. 4. In ancient Iraq, the Title "abu" was used in compound names of persons, kings and gods such as the god "Abu". 5. The Title "abu" was also used in the compound names of crafts such as "headmaster in Sumerian language "AD.E.DUB.BA" and also in Akkadian "ab-bit-tuppati", or even the store employee "abūsu". 6. The Titles was used in the letters of kings and their dependant rulers as the lower side used "abu" when writing to the higher one. 7. In some texts, the Title appeared in the form of "abbu URU" to mean a chief of city. 8. The Title "abu" was a abundantly used in some legal texts and codes to appreciate the status of father in both family and society such as the Hamurabi code and .ana ittišu, series"
|
