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The study aims to shed light at the geological history and structural components of the most important sedimentary basins in the Middle Eastern Arab countries. It looks into the tectonic and geological features, indicates the known hydrocarbon pools and the discovered and undiscovered resources in these basins, then provides a brief about oil and gas production in the Middle Eastern Arab countries. The study included four chapters; the first one was about the general geology, tectonic and lithostratigraphy of the Middle East region, and the setting of its sedimentary basins and major hydrocarbon accumulations. It also highlighted the reasons why the Middle East basins are among the richest oil basins in the world. The second chapter contained an overview of the Middle East basins, including the locations of these basins and the history of their geological evolution. Chapter three showed the most important petroleum accumulations from Paleozoic to Cenozoic. This chapter also contained the most important producing formations in the Middle Eastern Arab countries, arranged in tables according to the geological ages, which makes it easy to return to and compare some of its characteristics. Chapter four was dedicated to known oil and gas reserves, and undiscovered resources of oil, gas and natural gas liquids. These resources were grouped by basins then by countries. The latest published data about oil and gas production in the region were also embraced, along with the future plans to improve production rates in some Arab countries. Two annexes used a part of the main text were attached to the study, the first one illustrated the evolution of earth and the formation of the continents through geological eras, while the second showed the international stratigraphie chart adopted.
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