| المستخلص: |
يتناول هذا البحث الموهبة الشعرية في النقد القديم عند العرب، وما تشتمل عليه من جماليات تختص بالشعر المطبوع والشعر المصنوع، أما الشعر المطبوع فيقوم على السجية والطبع الموهوب ويمثله البحتري ومن سار على طريقته ومنهجه، وأما الشعر المصنوع فيقوم على الصنعة والتكلف ويمثله أبو تمام ومن سار على طريقته ومنهجه. وفي ضوء ذلك استقر عند النقاد بأن الشعر نوعان: نوع مطبوع يقوم على الموهبة ونوع مصنوع يقوم على التكلف. وتتباين الموهبة المبدعة بين الشعراء، وذلك من مبدع إلى آخر، وهو ما يظهر واضحا من خلال تناولهم للأغراض الشعرية؛ إذ بعضهم يسهل عليه المديح ويعسر عليه الهجاء وبعضهم يتيسر له المراثي ويتعذر عليه الغزل. وخلاصة القول: إن الموهبة المبدعة تعد أساس المقدرة التعبيرية؛ لأي مبدع سواء أكان ذلك في الشعر أم في النثر، وبغير ذلك ينتفي الإبداع.
This research treats the creative talent in literary criticism, among the Arabs, and it includes the literary esthetic devices and or instruments which exist in “the natural” poetry as well as “the created/made” poetry. As for “the natural” poetry it is built on the nature and or the talented inborn character- of the poet- that is represented in the poetry of the well known prominent poet “Albohtery” and those who follow his line and style. On the other hand, the created or the made up poetry is established on the manufacturing and the exaggeration, such poetry is found in the poems of “Abotamam” and those who follow his line and style. In the light of that a sort of belief in the sight of critics is firmly established that poetry is of two kinds: A natural kind that is due to the natural gift and another kind which is the product of exaggerated effort-in terms of its composition. The talents of poetry differs among poets (the natural and or the talented inborn poets and poets who compose poetry with difficulty- by using learned tools) and this becomes clear in their treatment of “the poetic aims/ topics.” Some of them, its easy for them to praise others (panegyric poetry) while its difficult for them to compose “defamatory” poems, and some poets find it easy to compose elegies (dirge poems) and its difficult for them to compose love poems. In short, the inborn talent is considered as the foundation of composition force of any talented person be it in poetry or in prose; otherwise the talent is going to be dispelled.
|
