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|a The most important conclusions that are found in this study are as follows: 1. The heir apparent in this period was a duration to Al-Abbāsid Caliphate which was also a duration to AL - Umawiyah caliphate before. 2. The events in this system were not all positive, but there were much problems and negatories exceeded the positives, that led finally to the weakness and collapse of the caliphate by the Mongois in (656 A.H. /1258 A.D.). 3. The system secreted some important caliphs in this period as well as weak caliphs, who were unable to bear the responsibility in Leadership AL-Abbāsid caliphate, this Led to weak and Stumble it. 4. The heir apparent operation accompanied preparing the reign guardian and qualifying him to the leadership and make him able to bear the responsibility-It was assisted by some leaders and ministers, who have administrative and military experience and adequacy, which led to the success and development of the abilities of the reign guardian. To make these steps succeed, the reign guardian was necessary to be confirmed by following many administrative, military and public formal ceremonies. Then, the heir apparent may be the acting caliph in the absence of the original caliph or he may became the caliph after the original one death.
|a 5. Other powers particicipated in choosing the heir apparent especially the viziers, retinues, the Amirs of the Askar and women the heir of Dar of khilafa. They intervened by using the relationship with the caliph or the heir guardian himself or by utilizing the caliph weakness. They were concealing their interests, ambitions and personal aims. This affected the caliphate and the office of the heir negatively. The reign guardians were many times dismissed and removed. Some of them became the caliphs although they were not qualified and weak to this responsibility. So, this is reflected negatively on Al-Abbāsid caliphate establishment. 6. The Salajuqs exploited the weakness of the caliphate and fell under their control. They interfered in the affers of the heir apparent. They obliged Al-Abbāsid caliphs to marry the Salajuq princesses in order to reach the office of the heir and the Abbasid caliphate and Al-Abbāsid caliphate. 7. The reign guardianship affected the economic side positively and negatively. Then, this system secreted some strange caliphs such as (AL-Mustrshid bi-Allh, AL-Muqtafi, Al-Nasir and AL-Mustansir). They had civilized achievement, Some of them economic in nature, industry, excavated canals and cleaned revers - Besides, scientific achievements as building AL-Mustansira college and care of the scientists till named exhilaration age. At the same time, the office of the heir excreted weak caliphs and had little achievements in political and economical field. This led to godown in livelihood for all the people, weak and collapse the state as in the reign of AL-Muatasim Bi-Allh. 8. The study shows also the influence of the office of the heir, that is the situation of the caliphate's military establishments. The caliphate to remain, since reiterate its army, unable to uplift its position which preoperational and require and require on the standard of the Islamic world. So, this power still has few members, weakly armed and without skills and fighting experience. This weakness appeared through facing the Salajka. the office of the heir instead of protecting this power, abandon it gradually. Finally, this made it unable to do its duties for the Islamic world, such as its attitude against the Crusades attack and capture. Besides, its weakness in defense on the countries and people against Mogolians, Thus, it was a calamity end. 9. The reign guardianship system was foreign on the Islamic rule moved by AL-Umaiyah. Then, Al-Abbāsid pursued it. There were positives and negatives. So, it had a role in stability political position even in the caliph absence. The authority continued in calm shape, though, it still in capable of and did not climb to the consultation system in the Islamic rule.
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