التداول السلمي للسلطة في نظام الحكم الإسلامي
| المؤلف الرئيسي: | الزيباري، أياد كامل إبراهيم (مؤلف) |
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| المؤلف الرئيسي (الإنجليزية): | Zebari, Ayad Kamel Ibrahim |
| مؤلفين آخرين: | الجبوري، ساجر ناصر حمد (مشرف) |
| محكمة: | نعم |
| التاريخ الميلادي: |
2011
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| موقع: | القادسية |
| التاريخ الهجري: | 1432 |
| الصفحات: | 1 - 311 |
| رقم MD: | 612704 |
| نوع المحتوى: | رسائل جامعية |
| اللغة: | العربية |
| الدرجة العلمية: | رسالة ماجستير |
| الجامعة: | جامعة تكريت |
| الكلية: | كلية التربية |
| الدولة: | العراق |
| قواعد المعلومات: | Dissertations |
| مواضيع: | |
| رابط المحتوى: |
الناشر لهذه المادة لم يسمح بإتاحتها. |
| المستخلص: |
Praise be to Allah, we praise Him and seek His help and forgiveness and we seek refuge in Allah from the evils of ourselves and our demerits , whoever Allah guides him he won't be misled and whoever Allah mislead no one can guide him , and I bear witness that no god but Allah alone with no partner and I testify that Muhammad is His slave and his Messenger , peace and prayers be upon him , his family , his companions and allies. This research is a study on the (Peaceful Transfer of power in the Islamic System of Rule), which was one of the topics that occupy my mind since long time ago , and saw a lot of what was written on the subject of legitimate politics, and the peaceful transfer of power is an important subject of legitimacy policy subjects . I have found a vacuum in this topic as few people have dealt with, therefore I tried to be one of the participants in dealing with and I ask Allah help and success in it. There is no doubt that it had arisen in the lives of Muslims since the abolition of the Ottoman Empire in 1924, the phenomenon that has occupied them for a long era until now . it is a phenomenon of the relationship between religion and state in Islamic thought and the transfer of power, but the fact that Islam has come as a religion , state, Charter , method, and a comprehensive system for all phenomena of social , political, economic, and ethical life, and it became a substitute for all human-made laws , which are not free for lack, injustice, ignorance, and lead the societies to woes and disasters, loss of rights, exacerbated duties, and chaos . Islam has restored all these to its right . Human beings want a system which is one of instincts and an executor of system , it is one of the reasons of stability and Social continuity .In every society regardless of their number a little or a lot, and there is no system in a group without authority, authority means .There are different types of system and authority . There are a religious authority, a civil authority , natural authority of parents to children , customary "authority of the teacher to students," ...etc .From the perspective of Islamic, the Islamic authority is a civil authority in itself, its source are the holy Quran and prophetic Sunna and this is radically different from the religious authority that existed in medieval Europe . As well as the Islamic theory of power differs from the Human- made theories in terms of why they exist and their function . Authority Installing in the Islamic thought is to organize people's affairs on the ground, and make them manageable and submissive to Allah . This power also believes in the system of Shura of government in modern institutions which human mind has reached in the affairs of Rule . Elections is a way of peaceful rotation power. Importance of the subject 1. Political freedoms and attention to the other opinion, and the peaceful transfer of power via elections are the main topics on the political field. 2. Political and disciplined pluralism is a pillar of the reform process pillars at the present time to avoid any single political legitimate force in monopoly of power. 3. Shedding light on the Islamic system of Rule , as a system combining modern patterns of rule with maintaining the political values in it. 4. The subject of peaceful transfer of power, which the democratic system calls for a, is the subject of the present time with civil mechanisms , therefore it is necessary to study from an Islamic perspective. 5. Revival of the middle curriculum in understanding Islam and its practice, particularly after emergence of militancy , extremist ideas and opinions in this era , and in the other hand, the emergence of indulgence notions that it makes them sometimes to adopt views eccentric and strange from the curriculum of Islamic Law . 6. To enrich the Islamic library of with subject important and hot, which is the question of peaceful transfer of power .It is a contemporary theme and spread widely among Muslims and non Muslims. Reasons for choosing the topic 1. main motive for choosing the theme is the strong desire to study policy science in Islam . 2. There are many doubts about the Islamic political thought, especially in the relationship of religion with politics, and the subject of the other opinion (the opposition) and political pluralism in Islam ... and others. 3. The topic is a challenge faced by scholars and intellectuals, Islamists, and requires them to find a civilian , logical formula of peaceful transfer of power. Research Method The researcher follows the descriptive analytical method, taking advantage of the history in terms of historical depth to this term positively or negatively , with the mating of these terms to the movement of reality and its requirements, and how the amnesty circle in the Islamic system of rule is large and spacious. Hypotheses of the research 1. The Islamic state that the advocates of the Islamic solution call is a civil state. 2. Islamic movements accept political pluralism . 3. Islamic system recognizes the peaceful circulation of power, and denounce unilateral dictatorial systems . 4. Islamic system accords with democratic in administrative institutions . Search problems 1. The subject is new and modern, and carrying a long debate, there is very little written about it directly , but there is scattered information in ancient and modern books that need to be ordered and tabbed . 2. Some researches were long and wide, and their abbreviation was type of problems. 3. There are no large public libraries in the region where I live. 4. The unstable security situation in the country. Previous studies The subject had not been studied and researched in its current form, and there are very few writings and researches about it , whoever wrote about it , dealt with a part of it, or has not linked it to reality, or has enrooted it legitimately . Research Structure I divided the message into introduction , an introductory chapter , three chapters and a conclusion. In the introduction I referred to the importance of the topic and the reason of choosing it , and indicated the approach taken in writing the letter. But the introductory chapter: the nature of the research was required to put an introductory chapter to study vocabulary and its meanings and stated as follows:(Transfer - peace - power - system - rule ). Chapter I : the foundations of political organization, with four sections:. The first section: the State, in which there are five demands. o The first requirement: the concept of the state. o The second requirement: Pillars of the State. o The third requirement: Characteristics of the State. o The fourth requirement: the types of States. o Fifth requirement: a legal state and its components. The second section: the Islamic state and the rule of its establishment , and it has three points:. o First: the need for an Islamic state. o Secondly: Islam is a religion and a state. o Third: The characteristics of the Islamic State. The third section: the Government, and it has two demands:. o The first requirement: the concept of government. o The second requirement: the types of governments. The fourth Section : the status of individuals (individual rights and freedoms). Chapter II: The system of power and authority, and it has three sections:. The first section: System of Islamic Rule , in which the two requirements:. o The first requirement: the definition of the system, and the concept of the Islamic political system. o The second requirement: the foundations of the System of Islamic Rule . The Second Section : Rules of the principles of government in Islam, with four demands:. o The first requirement: justice. o The second demand: Equality. o The third demand: freedom. o The fourth requirement: Shora ( counsel ) . Third Section : Forms of Islamic rule, and it has three demands:. o The first requirement: the Caliphate . o The second requirement: the Imamate. o The third requirement: the king. Chapter III: Means of power predication in the System of Islamic Rule, with three sections:. The first section : the peaceful means of power predication, with four demands:. o The first requirement: the text way. o The second requirement: allegiance and selection (election). o The third requirement: the Covenant and the succession. o The fourth requirement: the genetic method. The second section : non-peaceful means of authority predication , with two requirements:. o The first requirement: the way of conquest and appropriation. o The second requirement: calling and exit way . The third section: the peaceful transfer in the Islamic political history , the adult caliphate as a model, in addition to the peaceful transfer of authority in Islamic political thought. And the Conclusion: it contained the most important and the most prominent findings during the writing of the message. The resources: they have been arranged in alphabet order , and according to the following paragraphs:. Arab Resources: First: Interpretation books . Second: Hadith books . Third: fiqh , assets ,and beliefs books . Fourth: Islamic regimes , legality politics and Islamic culture Books. Fifth: The history and memoirs books. Sixth : law and general culture books. Seventh: language books, dictionaries and encyclopedias. Eighth: thesis and universities messages . Ninth: Researches and articles. Foreign sources. I have used different foreign resources . Conclusion: I'd like to thank Allah Almighty for granting us success and aid to complete this blessed work, and I hope that the Almighty could accept me and make it in the balance of my good deeds on Judgment Day whereon neither wealth nor sons can benefit us only if we come to Allah with a sound heart and I also repeat my thanks and my appreciation and gratitude to my respectable teacher the supervisor , Dr Sager Nasser Hamad because they were the reason of anything good I did and the output the letter in this way , he gave me a lot of his time and guidance despite of having many burdens and responsibilities . Although I have done all my best to give the subject its right , it is still not perfect because the perfectness for Allah alone . During my studying the subject (the peaceful transfer of power in the Islamic system of rule ) , I have reached to these results, which are arranged according of chapters of the search, and most important are : 1. State is the top of the awareness of knowledge and political prevailing in the society and it is the political entity and the broad , organized framework for the unity of society and to order its collective life, and the establishment of the State in Islam is from the obligations imposed by Islam. 2. Islam is a religion and a state, not law without a religion and no religion without a country, in Mecca religion rose ,and in Madina ,State rose , it is impossible to separate between these two concepts, the secular model based on the separation between religion and state is unacceptable, absolutely. 3. State in Islam is a symbol of communication between heaven and earth, the merging of divine and human, the harmony between material and spiritual considerations, and the harmony between worldly interests and interests of the Hereafter, and by which the Islamic state has characterized on all floor States . 4. The Government is a need of the necessities of the society, any society must have order, rule , and law for human beings to resort in , but not the community of the forest in which the strong eat the weak. This is because human beings can't live and straighten only in a society having a system and a fair law, derives the law , order and legitimacy from God Almighty. 5. Each individual in the Islamic state has rights and duties, and Islam has ensured these rights and urged Muslims to maintain them, and not to waste, and the system of rights and freedoms in Islam is quite different from contemporary legal systems. 6. The policy constitutes the most important aspect in Islam and Islamic politics manages all Muslims affairs and take care of their religious and secular interests , it is the art of exercising leadership and governance and authority science . The separation of Islam and politics, or the term political Islam is the foreign culture on our religion and strange to our country, and that politics is part of Islam, and separating between them means refusing and disabling more Islamic norms . 7. The System of political Islam is based on several grounds, and the fact that Islamic Law is the main source of legislation, any law or legislation must be regarded as that does not conflict with Islamic law, otherwise it is invalid, and the foundations of the Islamic system is the Holy Qur'an , Sunnah, , consensus, and diligence. 8. Islamic political system must have values and standards differ from other systems, and those values and standards which it is based, are (justice, equality, liberty, and the Council). 9. The transfer of power in Islamic history has three forms (Caliphate , the Imamate, and the King), peaceful and legitimate Rotation is in Caliphate, and doesn't exist in the Imamate because they claim that the basis for access to power is to assign the text, and the Governor is Deputy of God is infallible , and doesn't exist in the King also because the basis of access to power is oppression , dominance and inheritance. 10. There are several ways to install the Caliphate and assign authority to him , and allegiance, and the choice is the legitimate and peaceful way to install the caliph and it is done by resolution , influential people who represent the nation, and election is similar to the Islamic pledge of allegiance , but the pledge of allegiance is better and wider for it has morale and heavenly distance heavenly, the election is a mechanism and the last conclusion that human mind has reached . There is no text as the Shiites alleged in the right of Imam Ali or others , and the Prophet died without appointing a caliph after him , and the ruler does not have the right of ruling except after being selected , satisfied by the people . 11. Covenant and the succession are peaceful ways to devolve power, but the caliphate is only nomination , depends on the approval of the general Muslims, and on this way were Guided Caliphs . 12. Genetic system is one of the peaceful ways for transition of power, but it is not a legitimate way, because the nation under the inheritance system of government , Prince Sultan lose all its own subjective vitals and highlighted political rights of choice and allegiance. 13. The road of conquest , predominating and possession is not a legal road in the Islamic system, because the contract of caliphate is based on the choice, it is a pleasure, there is no duress and coercion in it , whoever took over the reins of power away from the satisfaction and advice of the Muslims is a suzerain sinner, but if this happened he would be dealt with as a matter of lesser of two evils in the fixed conditions in caliph. 14. Muslims should have their head up, and hearing and obedience to the caliph in a good is a duty, but there is no obedience in sin, there is no obedience to any creature in disobedience to the Creator. 15. The term exit started out in the heart of Islam, and outsiders are the first visible groups in Islam, who are the owner of a revolutionary direction in Islam. 16. There are many peaceful ways to isolate the Caliph then he must abide by it, and don't turn the nation into armed revolution only if the caliph has been outright disbelief, or opposition to the caliph and out on him by force and the armed revolution has a dispute between Muslim groups, some of them see it is not allowable because it causes death , destruction and bloodshed, and some others allowed it , because the survival of the unjust Caliph in the government is the largest corruption. 17. The outsiders to Caliph unjustly are considered (the apostates, khawarage , aggressors and combatants). 18.The peaceful transfer of power in the era of the Guided Caliphs is considered a peacefully and legitimate transfer of authority. |
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