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This thesis consists of four chapters : The first chapter includes a general introduction of pharmaceutical compounds: ethambutol , aminophylline and isoniazid , importancy , the uses , some physical and chemical properties , pharmaceutical preparation,s pharmacokinetics in human body . The methods used for determination of these drugs are also surveyed in this chapter . This chapter comprises an introduction about Malaprade reaction , using this reaction in organic analysis and some application of Malaprade reaction . The chapter consists oxidation by potassium permanganate , and some it,s applications to determination of numeral pharmaceutical and industrial compounds , also the aim of the research. The second chapter demonstrates the development of spectrophotometric method for the determination of ethambutol using Malaprade reaction . The method is based on the oxidation of ethambutol using periodate solution in Slightly alkaline to form iodate which reacts with iodide in the present of molybdate in acidic medium to form a yellow triiodide which exhibits maximum measurement absorbance at 354 nm , Beer,s law is obeyed over the concentration range 5-50 µg/25ml (0.2-2 µg/ml) with a molar absorptivity of 1.46×105 L.mol-1.cm-1 and sandell index of 0.002 µg.cm-2 with detection limit 0.382 µg/25ml . The average recovery is 100.52% and RSD is not more than ±4.04% The method has been applied to determination of ethambutol in pharmaceutical preparations (tablets) . The third chapter demonstrates the development of spectrophotometric method for the determination of aminophylline using Malaprade reaction by measuring the absorbance of produced triiodide at 354 nm . Beer,s law is obeyed over the concentration rang 5-60 µg/25ml (0.2-2.4 µg/ml) with a molar absorptivity of 8.41×104 l.mol-1.cm-1 , sandell index of 0.005 µg.cm-2 with detection limit of 0.505 µg/25ml . The average recovery is 101.29% and RSD is not more than ±4.14% The method has been applied to determination of aminophylline in pharmaceutical preparations (tablets and injection) . The fourth chaptr includes the development of spectrophotometric method for the determination of isoniazid . The method is based on the oxidation of isoniazid using potassium permanganate in a strong basic medium to produce the green manganate ion , which had λmax at 608 nm. Beer,s law is obeyed over the concentration rang 2×10-5 – 2.2×10-4 M ( 2.74 - 30.14 ppm ) with a molar absorptivity of 3.18×103 l.mol-1.cm-1 , sandell index of 0.043 µg.cm-2 with detection limit of 6×10-6 M . The average recovery is 100.75% and RSD is not more than ±3.03%. The method has been applied to determination of isoniazid in pharmaceutical preparations (tablets) .
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