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|a After the declaration of independence of Morocco on March 2, 1956, Independence Party, who had a contributing role to the process of independence of Morocco through its activities outside state and its combating of French Protectorate Authorities inside Morocco, played an important role in Moroccan political arena and it actively participated in governments that were formed after independence and that motivated King Muhammed V to found a new party called People's Movement Party in Oct. 1957 in order to create a state of balance in the political scene. Independence Party encountered a division and there was a group strongly adhering to power and benefiting from all merits that can be attained through positions, distancing the group further from the people who supported it in the past and it was called the traditional current. The second group featured socialist orientations and it was very close from people and was called Progressive Current. This current led a protest movement within independence party on Jan. 25, 1959 and executive committee lost a no-confidence vote forcing it to change its name to Independent Universities of Independence Party, and it re-changed its name after two months to Independent Universities of Independence Party. This movement gained large popularity among intellectuals and workers and it conducted periodic meetings to assess status in Morocco. On Sep. 6, 1959, The Independent Universities of Independence Party announce the foundation of the Patriotic Union Party of Popular Forces. The new party was joined by the Moroccan Union for Labor and the National Union for Moroccan Students. This new part adopted Socialism as a fundamental objective among its objectives and emphasized the necessity of applying socialism in Morocco. The role of party emerged as an opposing party to the Moroccan regime by declining to vote for a constitution that didn't stem from a constituent assembly elected by people, and it also played an important role in the council of representatives. Despite the fact that party members were victims of detention and assassinations and fake trials they continued to oppose policies of the ruling regime because they believed in applying the concepts and principles they believed in, which in its turn didn't serve policy of King Hassan II and his retinues who were benefiting from power privileges.
|a The thesis was divided into an introduction, four chapters, and a conclusion. Chapter one includes 4 researches, the first one covers colonial competition for Morocco from 1880 to 1912 during which Morocco was under bilateral protection of France and Spain. The second research addresses colonial policies adopted by France and Spain after protection and the response of Moroccan people who put up fierce resistance that inflicted heavy casualties among occupiers. The third research was dedicated to the enactment of Barbarian Commission and the development of Moroccan political parties. The fourth research focuses on following the emergence and development of Independence party and its activities outside Morocco as one of the important elements that took part and assisted Morocco in winning its independence. The second chapter was sub-divided into three researches. The first one deals with the division that Independence party encountered which culminated in the movement of Jan. 25, 1959 which acted as an organization independent from the executive committee of Independence Party till movement announced its final split and the foundation of the Patriotic Union Party for Popular Forces. The second research deals with political activities of party and its participation in local elections in which it excelled, in addition to the most important achievements attained by left-oriented government of Abdullah Ibrahim despite the challenges it had faced. The third research dealt with the stand taken by party on the issue of withdrawal of foreign forces which had remained deployed in Morocco after Independence, and the stand taken by party on constitution which had emphasized the significance of having a constitution formulated by an elected constituent assembly that realizes ambitions of Moroccan people.
|a The third chapter deals with three researches. The first one is on the participation of party in the first legislative election in Morocco and the results that this election had culminated with, in addition to stand taken by party on relation with authority following the detaining of a large of its members. The second research deals proceedings of trials in which party members were defendants, and also party activities in the council of representatives and its relentless pursuit of state government, the majority of its members were from parties loyal to royal institutions. The third research addresses stand taken by party on March 23, 1965 events and the declaration of emergency state, and the assassination of Al-Mahdi Bin Barakah and reasons and objective that lay behind operation. The fourth chapter consists of three researches. The first one addresses party restoration of its activities following the assassination of Al-Mahdi Bin Barakah and the growth of its political role and stand it had taken as regards Palestinian case. The second research addresses the issue of party involvement in a merger with the Independence party named The National Bloc, which was engaged in negotiation with authority aiming at breaking political deadlock that engulfed Moroco during the period 1965 – 1970 when state of emergency was imposed, and the stand taken by party as regards "The Sahari Desert Issue" by both currents; Al-Ribat group and Casablanca group, and also trials that party members had faced in 1971 and in 1973. The third research deals with party conferences that identified the final orientation of party leaders, and the result was announcement made by the Casablanca group of its adherence to the original name of party, The Patriotic Union for Popular Forces, and the declaration of Al-Ribat group of the foundation of a new party called Socialist Union Party for Popular Forces on Jan. 10-12, 1975. Conclusion represents the final result reached, and personal opinion of researcher in the overall events. The important conclusions that can be drawn are that economic and agricultural achievements attained by left-oriented government of Ibrahim Abdul Mehdi had confirmed that party program was fit to be applied in Morocco, and also party was able to prove its popularity and scope among people after winning 144 seats of council of representatives out of a total of 144 seats despite counterfeiting in favor of King Hassan II bloc. Also, party warning of the risk of voting for constitution that was not formulated by an elected constituent assembly proved to be correct as all prerogatives and authorities were become in the hand of King and government became semi-paralyzed and unable to carry out its duties and that led to a deterioration in the economic state, and party warned of the dangers of this decline and set up required plans to deal with it. But no one of the Moroccan regime paid attentions to these proposed solutions which was a guarantee to get out of crises.
|a The deterioration of status had led to March 23, 1965 events which claimed thousands of lives and the imposition of emergency state by King Hassan II who stalled council of representatives and political life and all authorities transferred to him in accordance with article 35 of constitution. Party was able to restore its activities despite the imposition of the emergency state, and it incorporated the Moroccan Union for Labor into its structure again after the split that took place shortly before the legislative elections in 1963 under pressure from King Hassan II. Also, party formed a coalition with Independence party named The National Bloc. Despite arrest and persecution that members of party had faced and being subject to two trials in 1971 and 1973, Party leaders made a gesture of good will towards Moroccan regime by leaving behind differences with regime, and the party proved its absolute loyalty to the National Position as regards Western Sahari issue. Members of party, both from Casablanca group and Al-Ribat group engaged in a number of dialogues with the Moroccan regime and the target of this stage was to coincide with royal institution in order to unite all components to regain control of Western Sahari from Spanish occupation. These dialogues proved a resounding success when Morocco was finally able to regain control of Sahara and restore missing confidence between Moroccan regime and opposition, and that was clearly reflected in regime initiative of releasing political prisoners.
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