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الرئيسية > رسائل الإصلاح وأثرها فى إصلاح...>الوصف

رسائل الإصلاح وأثرها فى إصلاح الأوضاع الداخلية فى الدولة العثمانية

المؤلف الرئيسي: الزهيري، خالد سلمان شدهان (مؤلف)
المؤلف الرئيسي (الإنجليزية): Shadhan, Khalid Salman
مؤلفين آخرين: الرديني، يوسف عبدالكريم طه مكي (مشرف)
التاريخ الميلادي: 2009
موقع: تكريت
التاريخ الهجري: 1430
الصفحات: 1 - 171
رقم MD: 614142
نوع المحتوى: رسائل جامعية
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة العلمية: رسالة ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت
الكلية: كلية التربية
الدولة: العراق
قواعد المعلومات: Dissertations
مواضيع:
الرسائل الإصلاحية | الدولة العثمانية | الفساد الإداري | الكتاب | الإصلاح السياسي
رابط المحتوى:
صفحة العنوان     
المستخلص     
قائمة المحتويات     
24 صفحة الأولى     

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المستخلص: The study deals with an important aspect of the political ottoman thought heading (REFORM TREATISES AND THEIR EFFECTION PERFORMING IN THE INTERNAL CONDITIONS OF THE OTTOMANI COUNTRY).Those proposals were the product of efforts adopted by ottoman thinkers and politicians through which they aimed at rising the conditions of the country. Most of their proposals showed bravery in diagnosing the weaken point which appeared in the country, despite the mightily opposition of the conservation element in the ottoman rule, such as the sultan aides, influential statesman’s and other controlling groups who discovered that such reforming thoughts might lessen their influence, mastery and privileges in the state . This study includes an introduction preceding four chapters and conclusions . the first chapter which in under heading (Beginning of weakness and it aspects in the ottoman country and its effect in emerging the reforming proposals) and thin part in considered as an entry to the research because it presents the various aspect weakness and their influence in emerging those reforming proposals which we are due to weak characters of sultan who ruled the Empire death Sulaiman AL- kannoni . Those rulers lacked the military and managment experience who left the rule for the AL- sudur AL- idhaam, due to rebellions which were prepared AL- lnkishaariya, besides the control expansion of the AL- Harem AL- Sultani, the expansion of the country and a number of olefins which confronted the country in fighting the enemies which resulted in holding humiliating agreements which offered the foreigners so many privileges .

The second chapter is devoted to study the characters of those reforming proposals figures and their mental product in the sixteenth and seventieth centuries, focusing on autobiography of writers,their families and their religious and scientific education . The chapter includes an analytical study of those figures . moreover, the researcher attempts to study what the proposals included of solution to remedy that weakness and decline which prevailed the empire. The third chapter deals with matter investigated by the proposals thinkers, such as the quality of the appropriate person nominated as Sultan and AL- Idhaam concentrating on military matter which were their main concerns in reform. Other matters of reform adopted by them were the treasury of financial affairs and condition of their subjects . Chapter four is prepared to investigate the effect of the reform proposal in modernizillion policy which was adopted in the eighteenth Century. the defeats which faced the country in the fourteenth century and beginning of the later century had Proved the necessity of opening new annuls with European life and transforming the teaching styles and progress from Europe . the chapter also in concludes the study of the problems and barriers which confronted those writers and thinkers which were , first of all ,the statesmans in the Empire who found such letters religious figures' attitude, the lnkishaaariya and some of the statesman in the empire found might destroy their privileges . such attitude represented by big barriers in barriers in bringing the thinkers' proposals for application to improve the empire's internal conditions . When those letters have been evaluated and their capacity is estimated to stop the decline of the Empire ,it has been concluded that the followers of the conservative traditional reforming approaches or the Europeans approaches never succeeded in stopping the deterioration of the Empire for many reasons, among which the important reasons reasons are cited , as follows: 1- the crisis of the ottomani rule can be summarized that the Muslim ottomani religious figures had no serious attempts to modernize the rule bases and clarify the Empire flexible laws which might help achieve the political and social fairness among people . 2- the ottomani never received with aware acceptance to transfer the clements of material progress of the Europeans and they were indifferent to adopt new means of thinking and that made them preserve the traditional conservative means . 3- Failure of the ottomani to form scientific establishments and institutions which might adopt the transfer of the European technologies which cope with and develop advancement and knowledge . 4- the might opposition which faced the reform proposals from the conservative elements in the ottomani : rule , despite that those proposals might give vital push to restore its power and status .

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