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الرئيسية > دراسة المجاميع الحشرية المصاحب...>الوصف

دراسة المجاميع الحشرية المصاحبة للهالوك ( Broomrape ) Orobanche L. والنباتات العائلة فى بعض مناطق العراق وسوريا مع إشارة خاصة لذبابة الهالوك Phytomyza Orobanchia Kalt

المؤلف الرئيسي: المزروعى، هارون حمد عليوى (مؤلف)
مؤلفين آخرين: الخزرجي، طالب عويد (مشرف), محمد، برهان مصطفى (مشرف)
التاريخ الميلادي: 2011
موقع: تكريت
التاريخ الهجري: 1432
الصفحات: 1 - 142
رقم MD: 614191
نوع المحتوى: رسائل جامعية
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة العلمية: رسالة دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت
الكلية: كلية التربية
الدولة: العراق
قواعد المعلومات: Dissertations
مواضيع:
الحشرات | ذبابة الهالوك | الطفيليات الزهرية | علم الحيوان
رابط المحتوى:
صفحة العنوان     
المستخلص     
24 صفحة الأولى     

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المستخلص: The aim of the present study is : 1-to determine the distribution and host range of Orobanche ( broomrape) and the level of infestation by this parasitic weed in agricultural regions from Iraq and Syria, 2-to identify the insect fauna associated with Orobanche infested and non-infested solanaceous crops in both countries , 3-to evaluate the occurrence of Phytomyza orobanchia (broomrape fly) in Orobanche infested solanaceous fields in Iraq and Syria . 4-to get information on the biology and ecology of this agromyzid fly under field and Lab-conditions.. Many solanaceous fields in Iraq and Syria were surveyed for Orobanche and insect fauna associated with this parasitic plants during 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 growing seasons. Plants and insects samples were collected from both Orobanche infested and non-infested fields . Levels of infestation by Orobanche and P. Orobanche in the studied fields were recorded .Data from these fields , concerning biology and ecology of the recorded insects were reported . Rearing of P. Orobanche under Lab conditions was also included. Results showed that 24.5% and 31.9% of the surveyed fields were infested by Orobanche aegyptiaca ( in Iraq) and Orobanche ramosa ( in Syria) respectively where Orobanche infested fields showed different levels of Orobanche incidence and severity. Several cultivated and wild species were found parasitized by Orobanche aegyptiaca in Iraq or by Orobanche ramose in Syria and some of these hosts were recorded for the first time in Iraq ( such as Capsicum grossum L.) and Syria ( such as statice Sp. And Datura Sp. ). Orobanche infested and non-infested solanaceans fields in both countries ( i.e Iraq and Syria) were relatively similar in their wild weeds. Apart from P. orobanchia both orobanche infested and non- infested solanaceous fields in Iraq were found similar in their insect fauna , while in Syria Orobanche infested fields showed more insect species than those non-infested where about 50% of the insect species recorded in Orobanche infested was absent from the Orobanche free fields.

In Iraq insect species from Orobanche infested solanaceous fields were found to belong to 10 families and 5 orders and these species ( except P. Orobanche) were found the same in both Orobanche infested and non-infested fields. In Syria insect species collected from Orobanche infested fields were belonged to 15 families and 7 orders . P. Orobanche was the only Orobanche specific insect recorded in this study . Among other insect species associated with Orobanche were Aphis Sp. , Haplotherips Sp. , carabidae species and Sphegigaster Orobanchiae (Pteromalidae).This study recorded S.orobanchiae , the parasitoid of P. Orobanche for the first time from Syria . This parasitoid was absent from Iraqi solanaceous fields. Orius albidipennis the general predator was also recorded for the first time from Syrian Orobanche infested solanaceous fields. The infestation level and frequency of insect species recorded in this study were found different from field to another in the same region , from region to region in the same country , from Iraq to Syria from crop to crop and from month to another during the time of this study. Concerning infestation by P. Orobanche this study revealed that 51.4% and 55.2% of the surveyed Orobanche infested solanaceous fields in Iraq and Syria respectively were found infested by this agromyzid fly where it’s infestation level in tomato fields was higher than that in eggplant fields and infestation by this fly in Syrian solanaceous fields was higher than in Iraqi ones. In this study , Larvae of P. Orobanche were found feeding on the immature Orobanche seeds ( i.e in immature fruits) causing significant reduction in the number of seeds per infested capsule (70% in case of O. aegyptiaca and 84.1% in case of O.ramosa) and in the fresh and dry weight of this capsule. Two types of P. Orobanche diapause were reported in this study , the temporary diapause ( occurred at the flowering stage of Orobanche) and the long term one ( occurred at the fruiting stage of Orobanche). Records on P. Orobanche infestation of shoots, flowers and fruits were included . Rearing of P. Orobanche from larvae and pupae incubated at different temperatures (15 , 25 , 30 C) on water agar media supplemented with immature Orobanche seeds or Orobanche extracts gave negative results where all tested larvae were pupated within days ( 5 days ) after the start of the experiment and the tested pupae and those pupae from the tested larvae were stayed at this stage (i. e giving no adults ) during the time of the experiment.

Rearing from pupae left on detached Orobanche shoots ( fresh and dry shoots ) in plasic jars under Lab. conditions (RH = 45% and 25±2C) gave positive results where 10-44% of the pupae gave adults with sex ratio tend to be more than 2:1 (♀ : ♂) .Under these conditions mating occurring several times a day , taking few minutes (3-5 min) at the beginning of the experiment but this was reversed with time where the mating was lowered from several to one ( or two ) a day and each taking an hour or more . At the end of the experiment death of males occurred before the death of females. Rearing of P. Orobanche from larvae grown under Lab. conditions mentioned above gave negative results where all tested larvae pupated within days( 3-7 days) and continued in this stage ( i.e pupa stage ) for the rest days of the experiment . This study reported for the first time information on the development of P.orobanchia pupae where such information was important I the programs of mass production of this insect. The present information on insect fauna ( specially P. Orobanche) associated with Orobanche may provide a basis for future reseach on biological control of this parasitic plants in Iraq and Syria.

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